This work is the result of extensive research in various libraries, museums, historic naval museums, industrial paint archives, but most mostly comes from the collection and interpretation of scientific data recognized in his time by I.C.M.M. (Institute of Metal Marine Corrosion) of C.N.R.. This institute was born after the Second World War and was the first in Italy dedicated to research on corrosion protection of metals in the marine environment, today I.S.M.A.R. (Institute of Marine Science), Genoa section. The originality of the volume lies in treating a subject little known in the broader context of the navigation history, although it is an important economic aspect to consider in the current vast maritime landscape. The study goes on to investigate historically remedies for the protection of hulls and techniques adopted by the ancient maritime civilizations of the Mediterranean. As a matter of fact, the problem of biological settlements on the submerged part of the hull, was well known in the Mare Nostrum area. The Mediterranean Sea is warm enough and therefore favours the proliferation of organisms (fouling), in particular, the dreadful Teredo navalis. This organism is equipped with a calcareous shell and opercula able to pierce the walls of the old wooden vessels. To be considered also that the fouling adhered to the hulls greatly reducing, by friction with the water, the speed of the ships. So the protection of the ships bottom has a long history with ancient tools and techniques: bitumen, pitch, plates of lead, copper and more. In more recent times, with the progress of scientific knowledge and the use of the metal vessel, it was reached the use of current specific paints, anticorrosive and antifouling. In conclusian with a thorough analysis, the benefits of today's protection are considered, not neglecting to detect the need to safeguard the marine environment which is essential to the balance ecological and human life, when used techniques involving highly toxic products.
Questo lavoro è il risultato di una lunga ricerca presso diverse Biblioteche, Musei Storici Navali, Archivi di Colorifici, ma soprattutto nasce dalla raccolta e dalla interpretazione dei dati scientifici rilevati a suo tempo dall'I.C.M.M. (Istituto di Corrosione Marina dei Metalli) del C.N.R., il primo Istituto nato in Italia dopo la fine del secondo conflitto mondiale, dedicato a ricerche sulla corrosione e protezione dei metalli in ambiente marino, ed oggi I.S.M.A.R., sezione di Genova. L'originalità del volume sta nel trattare un argomento poco noto nel più ampio ambito della Storia della Navigazione, che pur costituisce un importante aspetto economico da considerare nell'attuale vasto panorama marittimo. Lo studio inoltre indaga storicamente i rimedi di protezione degli scafi e delle tecniche adottate dalle antiche civiltà marinare del Mediterraneo. Infatti il problema degli insediamenti biologici, sulla parte immersa degli scafi, era ben noto a chi navigava nel Mare Nostrum, mare sufficientemente caldo e quindi habitat favorevole alla proliferazione di diversi organismi, in particolare la temibile Teredo navalis. Questo organismo è dotato di un guscio calcareo ed opercoli in grado di trapassare le pareti di legno delle antiche navi. Da considerare inoltre, che gli organismi aderivano agli scafi e per attrito, riducevano di molto la velocità delle navi. Dunque la protezione dell'opera viva degli scafi ha origini lontane con i mezzi e le tecniche di allora: bitume, pece, piastre di piombo, di rame ed altro. In tempi più recenti, con il progredire delle conoscenze scientifiche e con l'impiego del metallo negli scafi, si giunse alle attuali pitture specifiche, anticorrosive ed antivegetative. In conclusione, una approfondita analisi sui vantaggi dell'odierna protezione, non trascurano l'esigenza di tutelare l'ambiente marino quando vengono utilizzate tecniche che implicano l'uso di prodotti altamente tossici, in quanto il mare è fondamentale per l'equilibrio ecologico e per la vita dell'uomo.
La protezione degli scafi di navi. Uno sguardo al passato:dal bitume alle attuali pitture
Ghiglione G
2006
Abstract
This work is the result of extensive research in various libraries, museums, historic naval museums, industrial paint archives, but most mostly comes from the collection and interpretation of scientific data recognized in his time by I.C.M.M. (Institute of Metal Marine Corrosion) of C.N.R.. This institute was born after the Second World War and was the first in Italy dedicated to research on corrosion protection of metals in the marine environment, today I.S.M.A.R. (Institute of Marine Science), Genoa section. The originality of the volume lies in treating a subject little known in the broader context of the navigation history, although it is an important economic aspect to consider in the current vast maritime landscape. The study goes on to investigate historically remedies for the protection of hulls and techniques adopted by the ancient maritime civilizations of the Mediterranean. As a matter of fact, the problem of biological settlements on the submerged part of the hull, was well known in the Mare Nostrum area. The Mediterranean Sea is warm enough and therefore favours the proliferation of organisms (fouling), in particular, the dreadful Teredo navalis. This organism is equipped with a calcareous shell and opercula able to pierce the walls of the old wooden vessels. To be considered also that the fouling adhered to the hulls greatly reducing, by friction with the water, the speed of the ships. So the protection of the ships bottom has a long history with ancient tools and techniques: bitumen, pitch, plates of lead, copper and more. In more recent times, with the progress of scientific knowledge and the use of the metal vessel, it was reached the use of current specific paints, anticorrosive and antifouling. In conclusian with a thorough analysis, the benefits of today's protection are considered, not neglecting to detect the need to safeguard the marine environment which is essential to the balance ecological and human life, when used techniques involving highly toxic products.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.