This project was part of a wider coordinated research project aimed to define a protocol for "responsible restocking" initiatives in coastal brackish and salt waters through releasing of hatchery cultured juveniles obtained from local broodstock and hence genetically compatible with wild populations. In this case the purpose was to evaluate the feasibility of increasing the wild populations of Dicentrarchus labrax, European sea bass, through releasing of juveniles in marine coastal areas protected with artificial reefs. In May 2003, 4,953 juvenile sea basses (TLm = 15.13±0.02 cm; Wm = 32.23±0.15 g) produced at the hatchery Valle Figheri (VE) from local broodstock and farmed with the methodology of "large volumes" were released inside the Senigallia artificial reef (1.2 nm from the coast and 12-13 m depth). In July 2004 a second release was carried out utilising 4,993 juveniles (TLm = 15.74±0.02 cm; Wm = 47.17±0.16 g) coming from the hatchery Valle Cà Zuliani (RO), obtained from local parents but intensively cultured. In both cases the specimens were previously tagged using external Floy FD68BC tags. The tagging technique adopted was satisfactory as mortality (4.6% in 2003 e 1.0% in 2004) and retention rates. It also revealed to be practical and fast, hence suitable to treat large numbers of individuals and applicable to large scale projects. Sea basses cultured in large volumes appeared more suitable for restocking initiatives than those intensively farmed because they well adapted to the wild environment since their release, showing natural swimming and tendency to gain together in small shoals. On the contrary, the intensively cultured sea basses showed signs of strong stress such as slow swimming and tendency to part, staying close to the seabed. Such behavioural differences were also confirmed by recapture and growth rates. In fact, a total of 45 specimens were returned from May 2003 to February 2005: 42 of them had been released in 2003 (recapture rate = 0.9%) and only 3 in 2004 (recapture rate = 0.1%). At the same time 16 specimens were observed through visual census: 15 had been released in 2003 and one in 2004. However, the recapture rate must be considered as strongly underestimated because of the scarce cooperation from recreational and professional fishermen to return tagged fishes independently on the value of the proposed reward. In the whole, the average growth rate was 0.05±0.01 cm day-1 and 0.82±0.12 g day-1, but the weight growth rate of the juveniles released in 2003 was about 2.5 times that of the specimens released in the subsequent year. On the other hand, the length growth rates were similar. Just after releasing, sea basses massively migrated towards lower depths, especially river mouths and freshwater channels also located about 10-20 km far from the artificial reef. Afterwards, as they grew, they tended to come back towards deeper waters, in areas characterised by man-made structures (artificial reefs, suspended mussel cultures, offshore platforms) which represent the only hard substrates occurring in the whole area.
Il presente programma di ricerca, inserito in un Progetto Coordinato avente lo scopo di definire un protocollo di "ripopolamento responsabile" in aree lagunari e costiere tramite l'immissione di giovanili di specie ittiche provenienti da riproduttori locali e geneticamente compatibili con le popolazioni autoctone, era volto a valutare la fattibilità di interventi di immissione di subadulti di spigola, Dicentrarchus labrax, in aree costiere dell'Adriatico centro-settentrionale protette da barriere artificiali, al fine di integrare la popolazione selvatica e incrementare la biomassa potenzialmente prelevabile dalla pesca professionale e sportiva. Nel maggio 2003, presso la barriera artificiale di Senigallia (1,2 mn dalla costa; prof. 12-13 m) sono stati immessi 4.953 giovanili di spigola (LTm = 15,13±0,02 cm; Pm = 32,23±0,15 g) provenienti dall'impianto di Valle Figheri (VE), ottenuti da riproduttori autoctoni e allevati secondo la metodologia dei grandi volumi. L'immissione è stata ripetuta nel luglio 2004 utilizzando 4.993 spigole (LTm = 15,74±0,02 cm; Pm = 47,17±0,16 g) prodotte dall'avannotteria di Valle Cà Zuliani (RO), anch'esse ottenute da riproduttori autoctoni ma allevate in intensivo. In entrambi i casi gli esemplari sono stati marcati con Floy tags esterne FD 68BC. La tecnica di marcatura adottata ha fornito risultati soddisfacenti in termini di mortalità (4,6% nel 2003 e 1,0% nel 2004), tassi di ritenzione dei marchietti, praticità e tempi operativi, risultando idonea al trattamento di un numero elevato di esemplari e quindi impiegabile in progetti su vasta scala. Le spigole allevate in grandi volumi sono apparse più idonee per questa tipologia di interventi mostrando, sin dall'immissione in mare, un buon adattamento al nuovo ambiente, testimoniato da nuoto naturale e tendenza a restare riunite in gruppi, mentre gli individui allevati in intensivo hanno manifestato sintomi di forte stress (nuoto lento ed irregolare e tendenza a restare isolati). Questa differenza viene confermata dai tassi di ricattura e di accrescimento. Da maggio 2003 a febbraio 2005 sono stati recuperati 45 esemplari: 42 appartenevano al primo lotto (tasso di ricattura = 0,9%) e 3 al secondo (tasso di ricattura = 0,1%). Contemporaneamente sono stati osservati in immersione 16 individui: 15 rilasciati nel 2003 e uno nel 2004. Comunque, il tasso di ricattura è sicuramente sottostimato a causa della scarsa collaborazione mostrata dai pescatori indipendentemente dall'entità del premio proposto. Complessivamente l'accrescimento giornaliero medio è stato di 0,05±0,01 cm giorno-1 e 0,82±0,12 g giorno-1, ma il tasso di accrescimento in peso dei giovanili immessi nel 2003 è stato circa 2,5 volte quello degli individui rilasciati nel 2004. Come lunghezza totale, invece, sono stati registrati valori simili. Nei giorni immediatamente seguenti le immissioni si è assistito ad una migrazione massiva verso acque più basse, soprattutto foci di fiumi e canali d'acqua dolce situati anche a 10-20 km dalla barriera artificiale. Successivamente, con l'aumentare delle dimensioni, si è verificato un ritorno verso zone più profonde caratterizzate dalla presenza di strutture antropiche (barriere artificiali, impianti di mitilicoltura, piattaforme off-shore), che rappresentano gli unici substrati duri in mare aperto presenti nell'area.
Ripopolamento attivo di lagune,stagni costieri, e localizzate aree della fascia costiera con giovanili certificati di specie ittiche e di crostacei, secondo i principi del Codice di Condotta per una Pesca Responsabile (FAO 95) - Prove di ripopolamento in una barriera artificiale del medio Adriatico tramite immissione di esemplari di Dicentrarchus labrax
Fabi G;Grati F
2005
Abstract
This project was part of a wider coordinated research project aimed to define a protocol for "responsible restocking" initiatives in coastal brackish and salt waters through releasing of hatchery cultured juveniles obtained from local broodstock and hence genetically compatible with wild populations. In this case the purpose was to evaluate the feasibility of increasing the wild populations of Dicentrarchus labrax, European sea bass, through releasing of juveniles in marine coastal areas protected with artificial reefs. In May 2003, 4,953 juvenile sea basses (TLm = 15.13±0.02 cm; Wm = 32.23±0.15 g) produced at the hatchery Valle Figheri (VE) from local broodstock and farmed with the methodology of "large volumes" were released inside the Senigallia artificial reef (1.2 nm from the coast and 12-13 m depth). In July 2004 a second release was carried out utilising 4,993 juveniles (TLm = 15.74±0.02 cm; Wm = 47.17±0.16 g) coming from the hatchery Valle Cà Zuliani (RO), obtained from local parents but intensively cultured. In both cases the specimens were previously tagged using external Floy FD68BC tags. The tagging technique adopted was satisfactory as mortality (4.6% in 2003 e 1.0% in 2004) and retention rates. It also revealed to be practical and fast, hence suitable to treat large numbers of individuals and applicable to large scale projects. Sea basses cultured in large volumes appeared more suitable for restocking initiatives than those intensively farmed because they well adapted to the wild environment since their release, showing natural swimming and tendency to gain together in small shoals. On the contrary, the intensively cultured sea basses showed signs of strong stress such as slow swimming and tendency to part, staying close to the seabed. Such behavioural differences were also confirmed by recapture and growth rates. In fact, a total of 45 specimens were returned from May 2003 to February 2005: 42 of them had been released in 2003 (recapture rate = 0.9%) and only 3 in 2004 (recapture rate = 0.1%). At the same time 16 specimens were observed through visual census: 15 had been released in 2003 and one in 2004. However, the recapture rate must be considered as strongly underestimated because of the scarce cooperation from recreational and professional fishermen to return tagged fishes independently on the value of the proposed reward. In the whole, the average growth rate was 0.05±0.01 cm day-1 and 0.82±0.12 g day-1, but the weight growth rate of the juveniles released in 2003 was about 2.5 times that of the specimens released in the subsequent year. On the other hand, the length growth rates were similar. Just after releasing, sea basses massively migrated towards lower depths, especially river mouths and freshwater channels also located about 10-20 km far from the artificial reef. Afterwards, as they grew, they tended to come back towards deeper waters, in areas characterised by man-made structures (artificial reefs, suspended mussel cultures, offshore platforms) which represent the only hard substrates occurring in the whole area.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.