1)- Genotyping of Robinia pseudoacacia clones, selected in Hungary for biomass production (material sent to Italy as root cuttings). Hungary has a long and consolidate tradition on Robinia pseudoacacia cultivation and selection. Valuable clones for timber and pools were selected in the past by Prof. Bèla Kèrezstezy at the Academy of Forestry. These materials sampled in Hungary, mainly promising for biomass production (timber for pellet and pallet), are under evaluation in the experimental fields located at Kecskemét. The selected clones are: Oszlopos PV 233A1 (idOS 1->20); -Bacsa KH 56 A 2/5 (id BA 1->21); -Homoki MB 17D 3/4 (id. HO 1->16); -Szàalas PV 35 B2 (id. SZA 1->18); -Vacsi PV 202 E 2/1 (id.VA 1->16 The root cuttings, sent to CNR-IBAF for laboratory analyses, have been harvested from these plants. The experiments, in controlled environment established in Italy, aimed to test the eco-physiological response to water scarcity of the selected clones, while the genetic analysis is devoted for the characterization of plant material. During the experiment (1° year) some problems happened: a) not all root cuttings gave seedlings, 2) the number of ramets per ortet was different (not all root cuttings gave plantlets); 3) genetic variation among ramets of each ortet. The born plantlets were analysed by 9 primers SSR. To standardize the number of genotypes of each clone and choose those with the same genotype, in the second year of the project, other root cuttings from the previous clones were collected in Hungary and sent to the CNR-IBAF. From these, however, two plantlets only (OH26 and OH27) was born (see the attached detailed report).In spite of the above troubles that prevented the development of the eco-physiological analysis, the obtained results were interesting and confirmed that microsatellites are a powerful tool for clonal analysis. The low number of available plants did not permit any definitive characterization of the single clones. Anyway, we observed a high level of clonal identity within the clone Vacsi PV 201E. The different allele observed in the primer Rops 05 for the genotype VA5 was not surprising. Indeed robinia is a plastic species with a large adaptability (Mayor et al, 1998). Thus, in spite of the lacking of molecular sequencing, we could suppose a mutation in the locus Rops 05 detectable thanks to the power of SSR markers. Any definitive conclusion wasn't possible for the other clones because of the limited number of samples. An explanation could be a sampling error due to the overlapping in the field of the sampled roots. However, considering the high out-crossing rate of black locust it is also possible that the variability observed among the same ortet could be due to different genotypes half-sib born from seeds derived from pollination of the selected plants, or from mutation events. These hypotheses appeared appropriate because the genotyping showed that multilocus genotype of the ramets within each ortet had in common many alleles. Social survey for assessing farmers' interest and capability to include bioenergy crops into the farms in Hungary and Italy. In Hungary the plantations for short rotation forestry are estimated around 5000 ha, but in Kecskemét region the surface is not more than 500 ha because of the scarce interest of the local farmers; during the 2011 only 20 ha of new plantations for SRF have been done.This lack of interest is due to the poor site conditions, to the lack of experiences on the cultural techniques for biomass production but, mainly, to the limited economical perspectives of the biomass utilization. Indeed, in the Kecskemét, region any filiere for bioenergy is still not developed so that is not convenient to sell the biomass to industries for processing located far from the site of harvesting. Other constraints for the development of biomass plantations are the amount of economic support from EU and Hungarian Government to farmers. The public contribution cover the 60% of the plantation costs until a limit of 600 EUR/ha. Considering that each plantlet costs about 0,05 EUR, and that not less then 8000 plants/ha should be used , the total expense for germplasm only is estimated around 400 EUR Moreover farmers should sustain expenses for field preparation and management, and then the margin income is null or very limited. The perspectives, by contrast, appear to be of greater interest if the farmer or owner should organize their business with the use of biomass produced. For example, energy could be used in the management of their homes and business structures (greenhouses and other elements). In this case, the development of a chain "short" would allow the use of biomass produced on site and the reduction of transport costs, which are the element that most affects the balance of crops managed under the principles of SRF.
Robinia pseudoacacia L.: breeding, genetic improvement and socio-economical aspect.
Maria Emilia Malvolti
2012
Abstract
1)- Genotyping of Robinia pseudoacacia clones, selected in Hungary for biomass production (material sent to Italy as root cuttings). Hungary has a long and consolidate tradition on Robinia pseudoacacia cultivation and selection. Valuable clones for timber and pools were selected in the past by Prof. Bèla Kèrezstezy at the Academy of Forestry. These materials sampled in Hungary, mainly promising for biomass production (timber for pellet and pallet), are under evaluation in the experimental fields located at Kecskemét. The selected clones are: Oszlopos PV 233A1 (idOS 1->20); -Bacsa KH 56 A 2/5 (id BA 1->21); -Homoki MB 17D 3/4 (id. HO 1->16); -Szàalas PV 35 B2 (id. SZA 1->18); -Vacsi PV 202 E 2/1 (id.VA 1->16 The root cuttings, sent to CNR-IBAF for laboratory analyses, have been harvested from these plants. The experiments, in controlled environment established in Italy, aimed to test the eco-physiological response to water scarcity of the selected clones, while the genetic analysis is devoted for the characterization of plant material. During the experiment (1° year) some problems happened: a) not all root cuttings gave seedlings, 2) the number of ramets per ortet was different (not all root cuttings gave plantlets); 3) genetic variation among ramets of each ortet. The born plantlets were analysed by 9 primers SSR. To standardize the number of genotypes of each clone and choose those with the same genotype, in the second year of the project, other root cuttings from the previous clones were collected in Hungary and sent to the CNR-IBAF. From these, however, two plantlets only (OH26 and OH27) was born (see the attached detailed report).In spite of the above troubles that prevented the development of the eco-physiological analysis, the obtained results were interesting and confirmed that microsatellites are a powerful tool for clonal analysis. The low number of available plants did not permit any definitive characterization of the single clones. Anyway, we observed a high level of clonal identity within the clone Vacsi PV 201E. The different allele observed in the primer Rops 05 for the genotype VA5 was not surprising. Indeed robinia is a plastic species with a large adaptability (Mayor et al, 1998). Thus, in spite of the lacking of molecular sequencing, we could suppose a mutation in the locus Rops 05 detectable thanks to the power of SSR markers. Any definitive conclusion wasn't possible for the other clones because of the limited number of samples. An explanation could be a sampling error due to the overlapping in the field of the sampled roots. However, considering the high out-crossing rate of black locust it is also possible that the variability observed among the same ortet could be due to different genotypes half-sib born from seeds derived from pollination of the selected plants, or from mutation events. These hypotheses appeared appropriate because the genotyping showed that multilocus genotype of the ramets within each ortet had in common many alleles. Social survey for assessing farmers' interest and capability to include bioenergy crops into the farms in Hungary and Italy. In Hungary the plantations for short rotation forestry are estimated around 5000 ha, but in Kecskemét region the surface is not more than 500 ha because of the scarce interest of the local farmers; during the 2011 only 20 ha of new plantations for SRF have been done.This lack of interest is due to the poor site conditions, to the lack of experiences on the cultural techniques for biomass production but, mainly, to the limited economical perspectives of the biomass utilization. Indeed, in the Kecskemét, region any filiere for bioenergy is still not developed so that is not convenient to sell the biomass to industries for processing located far from the site of harvesting. Other constraints for the development of biomass plantations are the amount of economic support from EU and Hungarian Government to farmers. The public contribution cover the 60% of the plantation costs until a limit of 600 EUR/ha. Considering that each plantlet costs about 0,05 EUR, and that not less then 8000 plants/ha should be used , the total expense for germplasm only is estimated around 400 EUR Moreover farmers should sustain expenses for field preparation and management, and then the margin income is null or very limited. The perspectives, by contrast, appear to be of greater interest if the farmer or owner should organize their business with the use of biomass produced. For example, energy could be used in the management of their homes and business structures (greenhouses and other elements). In this case, the development of a chain "short" would allow the use of biomass produced on site and the reduction of transport costs, which are the element that most affects the balance of crops managed under the principles of SRF.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
