The P6 code (Program Plotting Paths of Pollutant Puffs and Plumes; Canepa and Ratto, 1996; Canepa et al., 1997a, 1997b, 1997c; Battaglia et al., 1998; Canepa et al., 1998a, 1998b, 1998c; Canepa et al., 1999; Canepa et al., 2000a, 2000b, 2000c; Canepa and Builtjes, 2001; Corti et al., 2001a, 2001b), implemented at the Department of Physics of the University of Genova, simulates the dispersion of airborne pollutants at both local and local-to-regional scales. P6 is a model This report presents a description of the P6 code followed by detailed user's instructions and examples for correct utilisation of the computer package. P6 is based on the Gaussian plume and/or puff formulae, but allows a more accurate numerical simulation of both non-stationary and non-homogeneous conditions (e.g. in the presence of a complex orography). The emitted pollutant is divided into a sequence of "elements", either plume segments or puffs, which are connected together, but whose dynamics is a function of the local meteorological conditions. Since meteorological parameters can vary with time and space, each element evolves according to the different meteorological conditions encountered along its trajectory. While plume segments provide a numerically fast simulation of the pollutant dispersion near their source during transport conditions, puffs allow a proper simulation of diffusion, both far from their source and under calm or low-wind conditions. The dynamics of each element consists of: generation at the source, plume rise, transport by advective wind, diffusion by atmospheric turbulence, possible chemical transformation, possible ground deposition (dry and wet), and possible gravitational settling. P6 is mainly designed for simulating point sources, but it can also be correctly used for area and volume sources. A rough description of dispersion of pollutants from line sources can be obtained. The code can also simulate several sources simultaneously. The model is particularly oriented to the simulation of the dynamics and transformation of sulfur species (SO2 and SO42- ), but can handle virtually any pair of primary-secondary pollutants. The code can also simulate the emissions of particulates. The main input for P6 are: terrain elevations, sources and receptors characteristics, horizontal and vertical stability class, three-dimensional wind components (e.g., provided by WINDS), mixing height (e.g. provided by ABLE), chemical transformation rate, dry and wet deposition parameters, settling velocity, ambient temperature. Furthermore the P6 code gives the possibility of selecting different plume rise formulae, different ?-functions, different reflection assumptions at the ground and at the top of the mixed layer. The output of P6 provides a full set of statistics of concentrations and of deposition patterns. Chapter 1 of this manual provides a general description, Chapter 2 is a link between the descriptive and the technical parts of this guide, Chapter 3 furnish a description of the input/output files; Appendix A treats the plume rise, Appendix B describes the ?-functions used by the code, Appendix C is strictly technical, it describes how to build the input files.
P6 Release 2.1 User's Guide
E Canepa;
2003
Abstract
The P6 code (Program Plotting Paths of Pollutant Puffs and Plumes; Canepa and Ratto, 1996; Canepa et al., 1997a, 1997b, 1997c; Battaglia et al., 1998; Canepa et al., 1998a, 1998b, 1998c; Canepa et al., 1999; Canepa et al., 2000a, 2000b, 2000c; Canepa and Builtjes, 2001; Corti et al., 2001a, 2001b), implemented at the Department of Physics of the University of Genova, simulates the dispersion of airborne pollutants at both local and local-to-regional scales. P6 is a model This report presents a description of the P6 code followed by detailed user's instructions and examples for correct utilisation of the computer package. P6 is based on the Gaussian plume and/or puff formulae, but allows a more accurate numerical simulation of both non-stationary and non-homogeneous conditions (e.g. in the presence of a complex orography). The emitted pollutant is divided into a sequence of "elements", either plume segments or puffs, which are connected together, but whose dynamics is a function of the local meteorological conditions. Since meteorological parameters can vary with time and space, each element evolves according to the different meteorological conditions encountered along its trajectory. While plume segments provide a numerically fast simulation of the pollutant dispersion near their source during transport conditions, puffs allow a proper simulation of diffusion, both far from their source and under calm or low-wind conditions. The dynamics of each element consists of: generation at the source, plume rise, transport by advective wind, diffusion by atmospheric turbulence, possible chemical transformation, possible ground deposition (dry and wet), and possible gravitational settling. P6 is mainly designed for simulating point sources, but it can also be correctly used for area and volume sources. A rough description of dispersion of pollutants from line sources can be obtained. The code can also simulate several sources simultaneously. The model is particularly oriented to the simulation of the dynamics and transformation of sulfur species (SO2 and SO42- ), but can handle virtually any pair of primary-secondary pollutants. The code can also simulate the emissions of particulates. The main input for P6 are: terrain elevations, sources and receptors characteristics, horizontal and vertical stability class, three-dimensional wind components (e.g., provided by WINDS), mixing height (e.g. provided by ABLE), chemical transformation rate, dry and wet deposition parameters, settling velocity, ambient temperature. Furthermore the P6 code gives the possibility of selecting different plume rise formulae, different ?-functions, different reflection assumptions at the ground and at the top of the mixed layer. The output of P6 provides a full set of statistics of concentrations and of deposition patterns. Chapter 1 of this manual provides a general description, Chapter 2 is a link between the descriptive and the technical parts of this guide, Chapter 3 furnish a description of the input/output files; Appendix A treats the plume rise, Appendix B describes the ?-functions used by the code, Appendix C is strictly technical, it describes how to build the input files.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
