EFFORTS, CHALLENGES, AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES OF GRAPHENE-BASED (BIO)SENSORS FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS

This chapter aims to present a comprehensive overview of the last trends on the research and development of graphene-based electrochemical (bio)sensors for advanced application in biomedical field in the period between 2010 and 2017. Direct electrocatalysis at graphene-based platforms will be described. Moreover, considering the importance of graphene bioelectronics as well as the use of biological materials for the development of new devices exploiting graphene, last-generation biosensors described in literature will be reported, classifying biosensors as a function of the exploited biocomponents, including enzymes, antibodies, and nucleic acids (Fig. 3). Furthermore, particular focus will be devoted to graphene-based lab-on-a-chip (LOC) analytic tools capable to answer the requirements of World Health Organization (WHO) toward the development of affordable, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, rapid and robust, equipment-free and deliverable to end users (ASSURED) devices.