ESPAD Report 2019: Results from the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs

This report presents the results of the seventh data-collection wave of the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD). The data collection took place in 2019, marking the 24th anniversary of ESPAD data collection (1995-2019). Each wave of the project increases the value of the information presented, not only from a European perspective but also for the participating countries. This report is based primarily on the information provided in 2019 by 99 647 students from 35 European countries, 25 of them being Member States of the European Union. Nearly 700 000 students have participated in the seven successive ESPAD data-collection waves, making the project the most extensive harmonised data collection on substance use and risk behaviours in Europe. The ESPAD database is available also to researchers outside the ESPAD network, who may apply for access.