180th Anniversary of Ludwig Boltzmann

Entropy is publishing a Special Issue to celebrate the 180th anniversary of Ludwig Boltzmann’s birth, commemorating his foundational contributions to statistical mechanics and thermodynamics. Boltzmann revolutionized physics by introducing statistical methods to describe molecular behavior, formulating the H-theorem, and establishing the profound link between entropy and probability. His work laid the groundwork for modern kinetic theory, transport phenomena, and equilibrium statistical mechanics, with far-reaching implications across physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, and social sciences. This collection features high-quality research and review articles exploring Boltzmann’s enduring influence, including advances in statistical physics, complex systems, and machine learning, as well as critical perspectives on the historical and theoretical evolution of the field. Contributions address fundamental theories and applied interdisciplinary topics, reflecting the broad impact of Boltzmann’s ideas.