Environment and economics of Central Asian countries strongly depend on such abiotic stresses as water deficit, mineralization of water and soil salinity. As for the recent estimation of the World Bank, annual losses related to salinity in Central Asia make approximately US$ 2 billion (about 5% GNP of the countries of Central Asia) and they are increasing from year to year. In particular, from 1990 to 2000 the share of saline lands in Uzbekistan increased from 48.2% to 64.4%. Therefore the decreasing productivity of irrigated lands, negative changes in environment and unfavourable social and economic conditions in rural areas are the most important problems. Any new approaches leading to successful solutions to the above issues are extremely important for successful and sustainable development of the country. Populus sp. are widely distributed, with high potential for afforestation in Uzbekistan. The most widespread species are P. bolleana, P. alba and P. pyramidalis, and such varieties as Mirza Terak, Afganskyi, Pervenets Uzbekistana and Stremitelnyi are mainly used for production of valuable industrial timber. In Uzbekistan, the estimated annual demand in poplar is about 5 million m3; however, sensitivity to abiotic stresses restricts the level of industrial production of poplar. This paper presents the results of the study's first stage of large-scale work and selection of poplar varieties and hybrids of different origin tolerant to abiotic stresses. In particular, cultivating conditions were optimized and tissue culture and regenerated plants were obtained for five varieties and hybrids. The influence of exogenic factors on morphogenesis process was studied. The influence of Cl - and SO4 2- ions on rate of shoot growth and development was also analyzed. The results obtained will be the basis for further biochemical and molecular-biological research of resistance mechanisms to the above abiotic stresses, as well as for their screening in laboratory and field conditions.
In vitro selection and propagation of poplar varieties and hybrids on tolerance to abiotic stresses
Mapelli S;
2004
Abstract
Environment and economics of Central Asian countries strongly depend on such abiotic stresses as water deficit, mineralization of water and soil salinity. As for the recent estimation of the World Bank, annual losses related to salinity in Central Asia make approximately US$ 2 billion (about 5% GNP of the countries of Central Asia) and they are increasing from year to year. In particular, from 1990 to 2000 the share of saline lands in Uzbekistan increased from 48.2% to 64.4%. Therefore the decreasing productivity of irrigated lands, negative changes in environment and unfavourable social and economic conditions in rural areas are the most important problems. Any new approaches leading to successful solutions to the above issues are extremely important for successful and sustainable development of the country. Populus sp. are widely distributed, with high potential for afforestation in Uzbekistan. The most widespread species are P. bolleana, P. alba and P. pyramidalis, and such varieties as Mirza Terak, Afganskyi, Pervenets Uzbekistana and Stremitelnyi are mainly used for production of valuable industrial timber. In Uzbekistan, the estimated annual demand in poplar is about 5 million m3; however, sensitivity to abiotic stresses restricts the level of industrial production of poplar. This paper presents the results of the study's first stage of large-scale work and selection of poplar varieties and hybrids of different origin tolerant to abiotic stresses. In particular, cultivating conditions were optimized and tissue culture and regenerated plants were obtained for five varieties and hybrids. The influence of exogenic factors on morphogenesis process was studied. The influence of Cl - and SO4 2- ions on rate of shoot growth and development was also analyzed. The results obtained will be the basis for further biochemical and molecular-biological research of resistance mechanisms to the above abiotic stresses, as well as for their screening in laboratory and field conditions.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
