Our research studies on cross-cultural relations are to be considered within a theoretical framework whose main core is constituted by a broad definition of diversity. In this context the concept of diversity lies in a continuum ranging, for example, from cultural differences to socio-economic, gender, age, and species differences, up to those differences that in any case are present between two individuals (and even in a same individual in various periods of her/his life), since each individual is "other", whatever her/his cultural, socio-economic, gender, age, species, etc. differences are. Our considerations are also the result of a study we conducted in some Italian schools on 350 pre-adolescents and adolescents' (9-18 years, 176 F and 174 M) attitudes towards multiculturalism. We identified two precise psychological elements at the base of some participants' prejudices: fear, and consequently the perception of a threat, and a lack and/or dearth of knowledge. These elements generally bolster each other. Some specific fears were identified. Another important result of this study relates to the problem regarding whether and, in case, in what degree cultural differences per se negatively affect youths' relationships with peers from different cultures. Our data indicate that many of the difficulties in pupils' relationships with culturally diverse peers at school coincide with or are very similar to the difficulties in their relationships with peers in general, thus supporting the assumption that there are some common basic motivations underlying the acceptance or the refusal of "the other", be "the other" culturally diverse or not. In this study we used "open-ended essays", which were anonymously written by our participants. In the few studies that have been conducted in this field by other researchers the methodology that has been used often limits the free expression of participants' ideas and emotions. What is more, in a few cases it can even condition it in a subtle way. Another significant result of our study is that the contact with diversity, and in particular with cultural diversity, does not necessarily imply fear and the adoption of prejudices. Instead, it can be characterized by curiosity, interest, and empathy.
La nostra ricerca sulle relazioni interculturali nei paesi che sono divenuti metà di flussi migratori si inserisce in un quadro teorico di riferimento che ha come punto centrale un concetto allargato di "diversità". In questo contesto il concetto di "diversità" si inserisce in un continuum che va, ad esempio, dalle differenze culturali in senso stretto alle differenze socio-economiche, di genere, di età, di specie fino ad arrivare alle differenze comunque presenti tra due individui (e addirittura in uno stesso individuo nei vari momenti della sua vita) in quanto ognuno di essi è "altro" indipendentemente dalle differenze culturali, socio-economiche, di genere, di età, di specie, ecc. Le nostre considerazioni sono anche il risultato di uno studio che abbiamo condotto in alcune scuole in Italia su 350 preadolescenti e adolescenti (9-18 anni, 176 F e 174 M) sui loro atteggiamenti nei confronti del multiculturalismo. Alla base dei pregiudizi di un certo numero di partecipanti sono stati evidenziati due elementi precisi: la paura, e quindi la percezione di una minaccia, e la non conoscenza e/o la scarsità di conoscenza. Questi elementi generalmente si rafforzano reciprocamente. Alcune specifiche paure sono state evidenziate. Un altro risultato importante di questo studio è legato al problema di capire se e quanto le differenze culturali di per sé incidono negativamente nelle relazioni tra i giovani di culture diverse. I nostri dati hanno messo in evidenza che molte delle difficoltà nelle relazioni degli alunni a scuola con compagni di culture diverse coincidono con le difficoltà o sono molto simili alle difficoltà che essi incontrano nei loro rapporti con i compagni in generale, ciò che dimostra che ci sono alcune motivazioni di base sottostanti l'accettazione o il rifiuto dell'"altro", sia che l'"altro" sia culturalmente diverso o no. La metodologia di questo studio è stata costituita da "open-ended essays" scritti dai partecipanti in forma anonima. Nelle poche ricerche che sono state svolte in questo campo spesso la metodologia usata limita la libera espressione delle idee e delle emozioni dei partecipanti e, in alcuni casi, addirittura le condiziona sottilmente. Un altro risultato significativo della nostra ricerca è che il contatto con la diversità, e in particolare con la diversità culturale, non implica necessariamente paura e il ricorso a pregiudizi, ma può essere caratterizzato da curiosità, interesse, ed empatia.
Migrazioni: la relazione con il diverso
Pagani;Camilla
2011
Abstract
Our research studies on cross-cultural relations are to be considered within a theoretical framework whose main core is constituted by a broad definition of diversity. In this context the concept of diversity lies in a continuum ranging, for example, from cultural differences to socio-economic, gender, age, and species differences, up to those differences that in any case are present between two individuals (and even in a same individual in various periods of her/his life), since each individual is "other", whatever her/his cultural, socio-economic, gender, age, species, etc. differences are. Our considerations are also the result of a study we conducted in some Italian schools on 350 pre-adolescents and adolescents' (9-18 years, 176 F and 174 M) attitudes towards multiculturalism. We identified two precise psychological elements at the base of some participants' prejudices: fear, and consequently the perception of a threat, and a lack and/or dearth of knowledge. These elements generally bolster each other. Some specific fears were identified. Another important result of this study relates to the problem regarding whether and, in case, in what degree cultural differences per se negatively affect youths' relationships with peers from different cultures. Our data indicate that many of the difficulties in pupils' relationships with culturally diverse peers at school coincide with or are very similar to the difficulties in their relationships with peers in general, thus supporting the assumption that there are some common basic motivations underlying the acceptance or the refusal of "the other", be "the other" culturally diverse or not. In this study we used "open-ended essays", which were anonymously written by our participants. In the few studies that have been conducted in this field by other researchers the methodology that has been used often limits the free expression of participants' ideas and emotions. What is more, in a few cases it can even condition it in a subtle way. Another significant result of our study is that the contact with diversity, and in particular with cultural diversity, does not necessarily imply fear and the adoption of prejudices. Instead, it can be characterized by curiosity, interest, and empathy.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


