Sodar performance and preliminary results after one year of measurements at Adelie Land coast, East Antarctica

Dumont d'Urville, on the Antarctic coast, is an area well known for the presence of strong katabatic winds blowing from the Antarctic plateau toward the sea almost all year. Since January 1993, a three-axis Doppler sodar has been operating in this area to investigate the variability of the boundary layer structure and dynamics. In this paper, the capabilities, behavior and advantages of using this ground-based remote-sensing system in Antarctica are evaluated after one year of measurements. This instrument may play an important role in boundary layer studies in remote regions where other profiling techniques (e.g., kitoons, slow ascent balloons) are difficult and expensive. All year long, except in summer when the signal-to-noise ratio was dramatically reduced by the noise of a large group of Adelie penguins, reliable measurements were available up to 900 m. The reliability of the vertical wind velocity has been checked and the influence of the local topography on the flow pattern has been evaluated. Some preliminary results regarding the statistical analysis of the horizontal and vertical velocities and an overview of the main physical processes are also shown. The statistical analysis of the wind speed shows that the wind blows from the 30° angular sectors centered at 90°, 150°, 180°, and 0°. The winds from 90° and 150° constitute the main local circulation and have, most of the time, the characteristics of a katabatic flow, whereas the winds blowing from 180°, arising from the surface temperature difference between the sea and the land, are land breezes. Strong winds coming from the ocean (0°), attributable to the inland penetration of depressions, have been observed in May, October, and November. Finally, some examples of the observed thermal structures, as depicted in the facsimile recording, are shown. © 1996 Kluwer Academic Publishers.