Un modèle prédictif a été développé au sein de ce projet UE réalisé par l'IFREMER, le MARINLAB, le DIFRES et l'ISMAR. Ce modèle déterministe est basé sur la compréhension des processus mécaniques et biologiques qui gouvernent la sélectivité de la poche des chaluts. L'influence des caractéristiques des fils du chalut, les interactions entre navire, les opérations de pêche, l'état de la mer, le gréement du chalut et la conception de la poche, la morphologie et le comportement d'échappement des poissons ont été pris en compte dans le modèle final. Des essais de sélectivité et d'opérations de visualisation sous-marine ont été effectués par le navire de recherche DALLAPORTA. Un certain nombre de paramètres physiques du navire (tension de funes, nombre de tours d'hélice, consommation de carburant,) et du train de pêche (écartement des panneaux, ouvertures horizontale et verticale) ont été enregistrés en cours de pêche. Dans le but de minimiser les paramètres environnementaux, tous les chalutages ont été réalisés durant les mêmes périodes de temps, de profondeur et d'état de mer. La sélectivité de la poche a été mesurée par la technique de la double poche; celle-ci étant montée sur des cerceaux. Des expérimentations portant plus particulièrement sur l'analyse du comportement d'échappement et sa quantification ont été conduites à l'aide de mini cameras TV fixées à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur de la poche pour quantifier l'échappement; La morphologie des principales espèces a été mesurée à partir d'échantillons prélevés par chalutage, en avril-mai en phase de post reproduction et en septembre après la phase estivale d'alimentation. Les résultats de cette étude soulignent plus particulièrement l'influence du nombre de mailles de la circonférence de la poche, de l'épaisseur du fil, et, plus important parfois que celle-ci, sa raideur. Autant de paramètres pouvant altérer par exemple les effets d'une augmentation de maillages. Cette étude a également abouti à la réalisation du logiciel PRESEMO de simulation des différents modes d'échappement pour des populations de poissons de caractéristiques morphologiques et de distribution données.
A predictive model was developed within this EU project carried out by IFREMER, MARINLAB, DIFRES and ISMAR laboratories. This deterministic model is based on the understanding of the mechanical and biological processes which control the selectivity of the cod-end of the trawls. The influence of the characteristics of the twines that constitute the trawl, the interactions between the vessel, fishing operations, state of the sea, rig of the trawl and design of the cod-end, the morphology and behaviour of fish escapement were taken into account in the final model. Tests on selectivity and submarine visualization of the operations were completed by the research vessel DALLAPORTA. Some physical parameters of the vessel (warp tension, number of propeller, fuel consumption) and trawl gear (spacing between panels, horizontal and vertical openings) were recorded in the course of fishing. With an aim of minimizing the environmental parameters, all hauls were achieved during the same periods of time, of depth and state of sea. The selectivity of the cod-end was measured by the technique of the double cod-end, the latter being mounted on hoops. Experiments more particularly dedicated to the analysis of the behaviour of escapement and its quantification were performed using mini TV cameras fixed inside and outside of the cod-end to quantify the escapement. The morphology of the principal species was measured starting from samples trawled in April-May during the post breeding phase and September after the summer feeding period. The results of this study more particularly underline the influence of the number of meshes of the circumference of the cod-end, the twine diameter and even more important, its stiffness. As many parameters are liable to alter the effects of an increase in mesh size. This study also led to the development of software PRESEMO to simulate the various modes of escapement for fish populations of given morphological characteristics and distribution.
Cod-end selectivity, fish escape behaviour and fish morphology in the Mediterranean sea trials of UE project PREMECS-II
Sala A
2007
Abstract
A predictive model was developed within this EU project carried out by IFREMER, MARINLAB, DIFRES and ISMAR laboratories. This deterministic model is based on the understanding of the mechanical and biological processes which control the selectivity of the cod-end of the trawls. The influence of the characteristics of the twines that constitute the trawl, the interactions between the vessel, fishing operations, state of the sea, rig of the trawl and design of the cod-end, the morphology and behaviour of fish escapement were taken into account in the final model. Tests on selectivity and submarine visualization of the operations were completed by the research vessel DALLAPORTA. Some physical parameters of the vessel (warp tension, number of propeller, fuel consumption) and trawl gear (spacing between panels, horizontal and vertical openings) were recorded in the course of fishing. With an aim of minimizing the environmental parameters, all hauls were achieved during the same periods of time, of depth and state of sea. The selectivity of the cod-end was measured by the technique of the double cod-end, the latter being mounted on hoops. Experiments more particularly dedicated to the analysis of the behaviour of escapement and its quantification were performed using mini TV cameras fixed inside and outside of the cod-end to quantify the escapement. The morphology of the principal species was measured starting from samples trawled in April-May during the post breeding phase and September after the summer feeding period. The results of this study more particularly underline the influence of the number of meshes of the circumference of the cod-end, the twine diameter and even more important, its stiffness. As many parameters are liable to alter the effects of an increase in mesh size. This study also led to the development of software PRESEMO to simulate the various modes of escapement for fish populations of given morphological characteristics and distribution.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.