Ce document expose l'approche et la méthodologie employées pour mesurer la sélectivité et l'efficacité des mailles carrées appliquées au type de chalut le plus communément utilisé en mer Adriatique. Dix sept traits expérimentaux ont été réalisés dans ce but par les navires de recherche DALLAPORTA et ANDREA. Les sélectivités de culs en mailles carrées et en mailles losanges ont été obtenues séparément par l'utilisation d'une double poche en 20 mm, équipée de cerceaux plastique pour éviter le masquage du cul testé. L'armement adopté des mailles carrées sur les mailles losanges est de 25%. Pour comparer l'efficacité des deux systèmes, des traits ont été réalisés alternativement avec l'un ou l'autre type de poches, les rendements globaux et par espèce étant exprimés en nombre et poids en kg au km2. Des mesures de la géométrie du chalut et des efforts exercés sur le train de pêche ont été effectuées d'une façon constante au cours de chaque trait, à l'aide d'équipement SCANMAR et de capteurs de tension. Les paramètres de sélectivité ont été ensuite calculés pour chaque trait au moyen du logiciel CC2000 et les courbes moyennes de sélectivité par la méthode de Fryer (1991). En comparaison avec les observations obtenues pour des culs en mailles losanges de mêmes dimensions, aucune différence significative n'a pu être observée, ni entre les ouvertures verticale et horizontale, ni entre les forces de résistance des chaluts. La composition spécifique est aussi identique mais avec des rendements plus faibles pour la maille carrée, telle que si on obtient un gain pondéral de 64% pour le merlu l'efficacité globale est diminuée de 20 %. En conclusion, l'utilisation d'un cul de chalut en mailles montées au carré entraîne une sélectivité plus élevée qu'avec des mailles montées en losange. Cette sélectivité supérieure entraîne une perte économique due cependant à la fraction la plus jeune du stock, comme c'est le cas pour le rouget.
The present paper presents the approach and methodology employed to measure the selectivity and the effectiveness of the square meshes applied to the type of trawl most commonly used at Adriatic Sea. Seventeen fishing experiments were completed to this end by the vessels of research DALLAPORTA and ANDREA. The selectivity of square mesh and diamond mesh shape bottoms were achieved separately by the use of a double 20 mm mesh size cod-end, equipped with plastic hoops to avoid masking the bottom tested. The adopted hanging ratio of square meshes panel is 25%. To compare the effectiveness of the two systems, the hauls were completed alternatively with one then the other type of cod-end, the yields expressed as a whole and and by species being given in number and weight in kg/km2. The trawl geometry and efforts exerted on the trawl gear were constantly measured during each haul, using Scanmar equipment and tension sensors. The selectivity parameters were then calculated for each haul using software CC2000 while the average selectivity curves were obtained by the method of Fryer (1991). Compared with the observations obtained for diamond mesh bottoms of same dimensions, no significant difference was noted, neither between the vertical and horizontal openings, nor between the forces of resistance of the trawls. The specific composition is also identical but with weaker yields for the square mesh; for instance if one obtains a profit in weight of 64% for hake the total effectiveness is decreased by 20 %. In conclusion, the use of a square mesh bottom trawl involves a selectivity higher than with diamond meshes. This higher selectivity however involves an economic loss due to the youngest fraction of stock, as it is the case for the red mullet.
Approach and methodology used in fishing experiments with square mesh cod-end in Adriatic Sea
Sala A;
2007
Abstract
The present paper presents the approach and methodology employed to measure the selectivity and the effectiveness of the square meshes applied to the type of trawl most commonly used at Adriatic Sea. Seventeen fishing experiments were completed to this end by the vessels of research DALLAPORTA and ANDREA. The selectivity of square mesh and diamond mesh shape bottoms were achieved separately by the use of a double 20 mm mesh size cod-end, equipped with plastic hoops to avoid masking the bottom tested. The adopted hanging ratio of square meshes panel is 25%. To compare the effectiveness of the two systems, the hauls were completed alternatively with one then the other type of cod-end, the yields expressed as a whole and and by species being given in number and weight in kg/km2. The trawl geometry and efforts exerted on the trawl gear were constantly measured during each haul, using Scanmar equipment and tension sensors. The selectivity parameters were then calculated for each haul using software CC2000 while the average selectivity curves were obtained by the method of Fryer (1991). Compared with the observations obtained for diamond mesh bottoms of same dimensions, no significant difference was noted, neither between the vertical and horizontal openings, nor between the forces of resistance of the trawls. The specific composition is also identical but with weaker yields for the square mesh; for instance if one obtains a profit in weight of 64% for hake the total effectiveness is decreased by 20 %. In conclusion, the use of a square mesh bottom trawl involves a selectivity higher than with diamond meshes. This higher selectivity however involves an economic loss due to the youngest fraction of stock, as it is the case for the red mullet.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.