The current strategy for enhancing environment and landscape named EcoRegionalConservation is focused on in situ conservation of germplasm and aims to protect biodiversity as a "service on the territory". Since the effect of several anthropic factors in the last years interested many ecosystems, there is the need of a deeper and more specific analysis of the biodiversity by taxonomy, karyology and habitat of several species. For its widest existing variability, the Orchidaceae family represents an interesting group to monitor the biodiversity in the Basilicata region. To document the presence and the distribution of this group, 51 sites, spread on all the Basilicata region, were explored and 311 entities belonging to 18 genera (Ophrys, Orchis, Serapias, Dactylorhiza, Aceras, Platanthera, Cephalanthera, Himantoglossum, Anacamptis, Gymnadenia, Epipactis, Coeloglossum, Neotinea, Neottia, Limodorum, Barlia, Listera, Spiranthes) and 8 interspecific hybrids were classified. The karyological characterisation confirmed the data available in literature, suggesting a further deepening of the quantitative results on chromosomal numbers by means of qualitative studies on their morphology and behaviour. Within the same species the morpho-biometric data revealed highly polymorphic labella and polychrome flowers. The results on the orchids altitude presence showed a preferential habitat at approximately 1000 meters above sea level. The flowering time varied from February in the species of stations at sea level, until September in the stations at high altitude, with a flowering peak in May (>52%). The exposure surveys have indicated the presence of distributed entities in the west (39%), east (31%) and south (16%); few species found in North. The results of this investigation are a contribution to safeguard and to utilize this germplasm in in situ conservation like a "natural economic capital".
Obiettivo della ricerca è ampliare le conoscenze sulle orchidee spontanee della Basilicata. L'attività di censimento, classificazione tassonomica e cariotipica è stato effettuato negli anni 2005-2011 interessando 51 stazioni con i rilievi di: altitudine, esposizione geografica, descrizione dell'habitat, principali specie di corteggio e documentazione fotografica. Sono state censite 311 entità il cui riconoscimento tassonomico supportato da analisi cariotipiche ha consentito l'identificazione di 18 generi (Ophrys, Orchis, Serapias, Dactylorhiza, Aceras, Platanthera, Cephalanthera, Himantoglossum, Anacamptis, Gymnadenia, Epipactis, Coeloglossum, Neotinea, Neottia, Limodorum, Barlia, Listera, Spiranthes) e 8 ibridi. Il genere Orchis con 19 specie è risultato il più diffuso, seguito da Ophrys con 17 specie. Le analisi cariotipiche, oltre che metodiche molecolari del DNA, hanno confermato i dati disponibili in letteratura suggerendo nuovi approcci sulla morfologia cromosomica e la funzionalità genica,. Elevato è risultato il polimorfismo del labello e la policromia del fiore entro la stessa specie. Le osservazioni relative all'altitudine hanno evidenziato l'habitat preferenziale delle orchidee intorno ai 1.000 m s.l.m., con fioritura da febbraio, nelle stazioni poste a livello del mare, a settembre nelle stazioni ad elevata altitudine ed il picco massimo nel mese di maggio (>52%). I rilievi sull'esposizione hanno indicato la presenza di entità distribuite ad ovest (39%), ad est (31%) e a sud (16%); poche le specie rinvenute a nord. I risultati ottenuti rappresentano un valido contributo alla conoscenza della biodiversità delle Orchidaceae da tutelare e utilizzare come "capitale naturale" al servizio del territorio.
Sulla biodiversità orchidologica della Basilicata
Bisignano V;
2013
Abstract
The current strategy for enhancing environment and landscape named EcoRegionalConservation is focused on in situ conservation of germplasm and aims to protect biodiversity as a "service on the territory". Since the effect of several anthropic factors in the last years interested many ecosystems, there is the need of a deeper and more specific analysis of the biodiversity by taxonomy, karyology and habitat of several species. For its widest existing variability, the Orchidaceae family represents an interesting group to monitor the biodiversity in the Basilicata region. To document the presence and the distribution of this group, 51 sites, spread on all the Basilicata region, were explored and 311 entities belonging to 18 genera (Ophrys, Orchis, Serapias, Dactylorhiza, Aceras, Platanthera, Cephalanthera, Himantoglossum, Anacamptis, Gymnadenia, Epipactis, Coeloglossum, Neotinea, Neottia, Limodorum, Barlia, Listera, Spiranthes) and 8 interspecific hybrids were classified. The karyological characterisation confirmed the data available in literature, suggesting a further deepening of the quantitative results on chromosomal numbers by means of qualitative studies on their morphology and behaviour. Within the same species the morpho-biometric data revealed highly polymorphic labella and polychrome flowers. The results on the orchids altitude presence showed a preferential habitat at approximately 1000 meters above sea level. The flowering time varied from February in the species of stations at sea level, until September in the stations at high altitude, with a flowering peak in May (>52%). The exposure surveys have indicated the presence of distributed entities in the west (39%), east (31%) and south (16%); few species found in North. The results of this investigation are a contribution to safeguard and to utilize this germplasm in in situ conservation like a "natural economic capital".I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
