Ankrd2 is a modulator of NF-kappaB-mediated inflammatory responses during muscle differentiation.

Adaptive responses of skeletal muscle regulate the nuclear shuttling of the sarcomeric protein Ankrd2 that can transduce different stimuli into specific adaptations by interacting with both structural and regulatory proteins. In a genome-wide expression study on Ankrd2-knockout or -overexpressing primary proliferating or differentiating myoblasts, we found an inverse correlation between Ankrd2 levels and the expression of proinflammatory genes and identified Ankrd2 as a potent repressor of inflammatory responses through direct interaction with the NF-kappaB repressor subunit p50. In particular, we identified Gsk3beta as a novel direct target of the p50/Ankrd2 repressosome dimer and found that the recruitment of p50 byAnkrd2 is dependent on Akt2-mediated phosphorylation of Ankrd2 upon oxidative stress during myogenic differentiation. Surprisingly, the absence of Ankrd2 in slow muscle negatively affected the expression of cytokines and key calcineurin-dependent genes associated with the slow-twitch muscle program. Thus, our findings support a model in which alterations inAnkrd2 protein and phosphorylation levels modulate the balance between physiological and pathological inflammatoryresponses in muscle.