A series of pi-expanded coumarins comprising of 4-5 conjugated rings were designed and synthesized. The strategic placement of two dialkylamino groups containing long alkyl chains attached to the peripheral ends of bis-coumarins resulted in dyes with superb solubility. As alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones, these compounds display properties of donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D)-type chromophores. Photophysical studies of the new functional dyes revealed a combination of favorable properties: strong absorption of blue and green light, weak fluorescence, reasonable two-photon absorption (2PA) cross-section, and complete solubility in nonpolar solvents. The fluorescence lifetimes of coumarin-derived alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones were measured for the first time. The placement of two amine groups at peripheral positions of the dyes produced two-photon absorption cross-section values at the level of 150-400 GM around 800 nm, which generated two-photon photoinitiation. The highest 2PA cross-section was approximately 400 GM for the derivative of 4-methylcyclohexanone. Directly using these compounds as sensitizer or initiator, two (2D)- and three-dimensional (3D) nanopatterns were successfully fabricated by two-photon initiated polymerization. 3,3'-Carbonyl-biscoumarin, which contains two dihexylamino substituents at positions 7 and 7' possesses the largest fabrication window. MC3T3-E1 preosteoblastic cells exhibited strong adherence to all pi-expanded coumarins and the same spindle-shaped morphology as the tissue culture treated polystyrene control surface. Additionally, our results showed an increase in cell proliferation after 3 and 7 days in culture, as well as a high cell viability of approximately 100% on all materials compared to the control surface. These findings confirm that D-A-D-type ketocoumarin derivatives used as potential photoinitiators are noncytotcodc and can be used in the fabrication of biomaterial scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.
pi-Expanded Ketocoumarins as Efficient, Biocompatible Initiators for Two-Photon-Induced Polymerization
Flamigni Lucia;
2014
Abstract
A series of pi-expanded coumarins comprising of 4-5 conjugated rings were designed and synthesized. The strategic placement of two dialkylamino groups containing long alkyl chains attached to the peripheral ends of bis-coumarins resulted in dyes with superb solubility. As alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones, these compounds display properties of donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D)-type chromophores. Photophysical studies of the new functional dyes revealed a combination of favorable properties: strong absorption of blue and green light, weak fluorescence, reasonable two-photon absorption (2PA) cross-section, and complete solubility in nonpolar solvents. The fluorescence lifetimes of coumarin-derived alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones were measured for the first time. The placement of two amine groups at peripheral positions of the dyes produced two-photon absorption cross-section values at the level of 150-400 GM around 800 nm, which generated two-photon photoinitiation. The highest 2PA cross-section was approximately 400 GM for the derivative of 4-methylcyclohexanone. Directly using these compounds as sensitizer or initiator, two (2D)- and three-dimensional (3D) nanopatterns were successfully fabricated by two-photon initiated polymerization. 3,3'-Carbonyl-biscoumarin, which contains two dihexylamino substituents at positions 7 and 7' possesses the largest fabrication window. MC3T3-E1 preosteoblastic cells exhibited strong adherence to all pi-expanded coumarins and the same spindle-shaped morphology as the tissue culture treated polystyrene control surface. Additionally, our results showed an increase in cell proliferation after 3 and 7 days in culture, as well as a high cell viability of approximately 100% on all materials compared to the control surface. These findings confirm that D-A-D-type ketocoumarin derivatives used as potential photoinitiators are noncytotcodc and can be used in the fabrication of biomaterial scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
