Two criniviruses Tomato infectious chlorosis (TICV) and Tomato chlorosis (ToCV) have been reported in Italy so far. TICV was first found in Liguria in 1991 (see CACIAGLI, 2001) and then detected in Sardinia, Sicily, Campania, Lazio. ToCV has been detected almost contemporarily in Sicily, Sardinia, and Apulia during the winter 2000-2001(ACCOTTO et al., 2001). Both viruses are transmitted by whiteflies in a semi-persistent manner, TICV by Trialeurodes vaporariorum only, ToCV by T. vaporariorum, Bemisia tabaci (A and B biotypes), and T. abutilonea. The A biotype of B. tabaci and T. abutilonea have not been found in Italy (CACIAGLI, 2001). From January 2001 to April 2002 several wild and cultivated plant species were tested for the presence of TICV and ToCV, either directly by specific RT-PCR or after transmission to tomato plants with the respective whitefly vectors. ToCV was detected in or isolated from tomato plants in South-West Sardinia in January, February, March, April, May, September, December, and next January and April, in greenhouses. Inside and nearby the greenhouses, we have occasionally detected ToCV in Solanum nigrum, a common weed. The population of the most efficient vector of ToCV, B. tabaci, peaks at the end of September, when tomatoes have already been transplanted for the winter crop in the greenhouses. ToCV can thus be easily vectored from outdoor summer plant hosts to greenhouse tomato crops for over-wintering. ToCV has not been found in Liguria. TICV was detected or isolated from tomato plants grown as winter greenhouse crops in Sardinia, and both from summer and winter tomato crops in Liguria. In Liguria, we have isolated TICV from artichokes (Cynara scolyimus) and Malva sp. during winter, normally mild. In the many areas of Liguria where tomatoes are not grown during winter, artichokes and the perennial malva can act as over-wintering hosts for TICV. In the epidemiology of TICV in Liguria, cultivated artichokes seem to play the role of wild artichokes (Cynara cardunculus) in southern California.
Observations on the epidemiology of criniviruses of tomato in Italy.
Caciagli;
2002
Abstract
Two criniviruses Tomato infectious chlorosis (TICV) and Tomato chlorosis (ToCV) have been reported in Italy so far. TICV was first found in Liguria in 1991 (see CACIAGLI, 2001) and then detected in Sardinia, Sicily, Campania, Lazio. ToCV has been detected almost contemporarily in Sicily, Sardinia, and Apulia during the winter 2000-2001(ACCOTTO et al., 2001). Both viruses are transmitted by whiteflies in a semi-persistent manner, TICV by Trialeurodes vaporariorum only, ToCV by T. vaporariorum, Bemisia tabaci (A and B biotypes), and T. abutilonea. The A biotype of B. tabaci and T. abutilonea have not been found in Italy (CACIAGLI, 2001). From January 2001 to April 2002 several wild and cultivated plant species were tested for the presence of TICV and ToCV, either directly by specific RT-PCR or after transmission to tomato plants with the respective whitefly vectors. ToCV was detected in or isolated from tomato plants in South-West Sardinia in January, February, March, April, May, September, December, and next January and April, in greenhouses. Inside and nearby the greenhouses, we have occasionally detected ToCV in Solanum nigrum, a common weed. The population of the most efficient vector of ToCV, B. tabaci, peaks at the end of September, when tomatoes have already been transplanted for the winter crop in the greenhouses. ToCV can thus be easily vectored from outdoor summer plant hosts to greenhouse tomato crops for over-wintering. ToCV has not been found in Liguria. TICV was detected or isolated from tomato plants grown as winter greenhouse crops in Sardinia, and both from summer and winter tomato crops in Liguria. In Liguria, we have isolated TICV from artichokes (Cynara scolyimus) and Malva sp. during winter, normally mild. In the many areas of Liguria where tomatoes are not grown during winter, artichokes and the perennial malva can act as over-wintering hosts for TICV. In the epidemiology of TICV in Liguria, cultivated artichokes seem to play the role of wild artichokes (Cynara cardunculus) in southern California.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
