A generic framework for evaluating hybrid models by reuse and composition e A case study on soil temperature simulation

We evaluate modelling solutions built composing different modelling approaches. Modelling of soiltemperature was the case study, evaluating modelling solutions against a multi-year, multi-locationdatabase of field recorded data. Widely used simulation packages were re-implemented using advancedtechniques, and nine new modelling solutions were built hybridizing across the original ones. Multi-metric indices were developed for modelling solution evaluation.The hybrid solution implementing the Parton's approach (surface temperature) and the SWAT (tem-perature along the soil profile) led to the best compromise between agreement and robustness under theexplored conditions. Differently, choices of soil water redistribution models caused a modest variabilitywith respect to the simulation of soil temperature. The methodology presented allows providing clearindications about model choice and should be considered useful practice in model development.The model libraries used to run the analysis are freely available for download, and they allow forfurther extension of the composition exercise.