The aim of this study is to contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying nanoparticle(NP)-induced embryotoxicity in aquatic organisms. We previously demonstrated that exposure of malegametes to NPs causes non-dose-dependent skeletal damage in sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) larvae.In the present study, the molecular mechanisms responsible for these anomalies in sea urchin devel-opment from male gametes exposed to cobalt (Co), titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silver (Ag) NPs wereinvestigated by histochemical, immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses. P. lividus sperm wereexposed to different NP concentrations (from 0.0001 to 1 mg/L). The distribution of molecules relatedto skeletogenic cell identification, including ID5 immunoreactivity (IR), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)affinity and fibronectin (FN) IR, were investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy at the gastrula(24 h) and pluteus (72 h) stages.Our results identified a spatial correspondence among PMCs, ID5 IR and WGA affinity sites. The alteredFN pattern suggests that it is responsible for the altered skeletogenic cell migration, while the Golgiapparatus of the skeletogenic cells, denoted by their WGA affinity, shows different aspects according tothe degree of anomalies caused by NP concentrations. The ID5 IR, a specific marker of skeletogenic cells insea urchin embryos (in particular of the msp130 protein responsible for Ca2+and Mg2+mineralization),localized in the cellular strands prefiguring the skeletal rods in the gastrula stage and, in the pluteusstage, was visible according to the degree of mineralization of the skeleton. In conclusion, the presentstudy suggests that the investigated NPs suspended in seawater interfere with the bio-mineralizationprocesses in marine organisms, and the results of this study offer a new series of specific endpoints forthe mechanistic understanding of NP toxicity.
Exposure of Paracentrotus lividus male gametes to engineered nanoparticles affects skeletal bio-mineralization processes and larval plasticity
Gambardella C;Morgana S;Faimali M;
2015
Abstract
The aim of this study is to contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying nanoparticle(NP)-induced embryotoxicity in aquatic organisms. We previously demonstrated that exposure of malegametes to NPs causes non-dose-dependent skeletal damage in sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) larvae.In the present study, the molecular mechanisms responsible for these anomalies in sea urchin devel-opment from male gametes exposed to cobalt (Co), titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silver (Ag) NPs wereinvestigated by histochemical, immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses. P. lividus sperm wereexposed to different NP concentrations (from 0.0001 to 1 mg/L). The distribution of molecules relatedto skeletogenic cell identification, including ID5 immunoreactivity (IR), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)affinity and fibronectin (FN) IR, were investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy at the gastrula(24 h) and pluteus (72 h) stages.Our results identified a spatial correspondence among PMCs, ID5 IR and WGA affinity sites. The alteredFN pattern suggests that it is responsible for the altered skeletogenic cell migration, while the Golgiapparatus of the skeletogenic cells, denoted by their WGA affinity, shows different aspects according tothe degree of anomalies caused by NP concentrations. The ID5 IR, a specific marker of skeletogenic cells insea urchin embryos (in particular of the msp130 protein responsible for Ca2+and Mg2+mineralization),localized in the cellular strands prefiguring the skeletal rods in the gastrula stage and, in the pluteusstage, was visible according to the degree of mineralization of the skeleton. In conclusion, the presentstudy suggests that the investigated NPs suspended in seawater interfere with the bio-mineralizationprocesses in marine organisms, and the results of this study offer a new series of specific endpoints forthe mechanistic understanding of NP toxicity.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
