Mycotoxin contamination and co-occurrence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA), ochratoxin A (OTA) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) in animal feed are frequently observed and can impact animal health also at low doses. The addition of binders to contaminated diets is considered a promising dietary approach to reduce toxic effects of mycotoxins. In the EU, the use of these substances as technological feed additives has been officially approved and a variety of products are on the market claiming multi-toxin binding capacities. The efficacy of binders in sequestering different mycotoxins has been poorly addressed. The aim of this study was the screening of commercial products for preparing a nutritional composition intended to reduce bioavailability of a large range of mycotoxins. 52 commercial products from 26 industrial partners, including minerals, yeast-based products and blend of components, were tested. Preliminary adsorption tests allowed the selection of 4 commercial products as effective in sequestering simultaneously AFB1, ZEA, OTA and FB1. All products failed in binding DON, but activated carbon. Adsorption experiments were performed at physiologically relevant pH values commonly found in the stomach and intestine (pH 3.0 and 7.0) with selected binders to determine adsorption parameters (capacity, affinity, chemisorption index). Mineralogical analysis (XRD) and ash content showed that 3 out of the 4 commercial products selected as best multi-toxin adsorbents (designated by the supplying companies as minerals) were organoclays. Organoclays are not suitable for feed ingredients due to toxicity of the interlayer quaternary alkylammonium ions. Two organoclays and one yeast cell wall product, out of 52 commercial products, were found toxic in 2 bioassays. In conclusion, multi-toxin adsorbents covering major mycotoxins are not commercially available. Most of them lack effectiveness towards trichotechenes. The identity/composition of commercial products could be counterfeit and misleading. Some commercial products can be even highly toxic in toxicity bioassays.
IN VITRO STUDIES TO ASSESS THE MULTI-MYCOTOXIN ADSORPTION EFFICACY OF COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS AND POTENTIAL TOXICITY
Avantaggiato Giuseppina;
2014
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination and co-occurrence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA), ochratoxin A (OTA) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) in animal feed are frequently observed and can impact animal health also at low doses. The addition of binders to contaminated diets is considered a promising dietary approach to reduce toxic effects of mycotoxins. In the EU, the use of these substances as technological feed additives has been officially approved and a variety of products are on the market claiming multi-toxin binding capacities. The efficacy of binders in sequestering different mycotoxins has been poorly addressed. The aim of this study was the screening of commercial products for preparing a nutritional composition intended to reduce bioavailability of a large range of mycotoxins. 52 commercial products from 26 industrial partners, including minerals, yeast-based products and blend of components, were tested. Preliminary adsorption tests allowed the selection of 4 commercial products as effective in sequestering simultaneously AFB1, ZEA, OTA and FB1. All products failed in binding DON, but activated carbon. Adsorption experiments were performed at physiologically relevant pH values commonly found in the stomach and intestine (pH 3.0 and 7.0) with selected binders to determine adsorption parameters (capacity, affinity, chemisorption index). Mineralogical analysis (XRD) and ash content showed that 3 out of the 4 commercial products selected as best multi-toxin adsorbents (designated by the supplying companies as minerals) were organoclays. Organoclays are not suitable for feed ingredients due to toxicity of the interlayer quaternary alkylammonium ions. Two organoclays and one yeast cell wall product, out of 52 commercial products, were found toxic in 2 bioassays. In conclusion, multi-toxin adsorbents covering major mycotoxins are not commercially available. Most of them lack effectiveness towards trichotechenes. The identity/composition of commercial products could be counterfeit and misleading. Some commercial products can be even highly toxic in toxicity bioassays.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
