ous les modèles climatiques prédisent une augmentation de la teneur en CO2 atmosphérique, des températures moyennes et une plus forte variabilité des températures et des précipitations d'ici la fin du 21ème siècle. Nous avons réalisé une méta-analyse à partir des expérimentations de manipulation climatique en champ pour comprendre les effets de ces changements sur la valeur des fourrages. Un premier résultat original est l'absence d'effet de l'augmentation de la teneur en CO2 atmosphérique sur la teneur en fibres et la digestibilité des fourrages. L'augmentation du CO2 a réduit en moyenne de 9% la teneur en azote (N) des fourrages, mais celle-ci peut cependant être maintenue par l'augmentation de la part des légumineuses dans les couverts. Nous n'observons pas d'effet de l'augmentation des températures sur l'N, les sucres solubles, les fibres et la digestibilité des fourrages. Nous mettons en évidence le continuum de l'effet d'une sécheresse ou de l'irrigation sur la réponse de l'N des fourrages qui augmente de manière curvilinéaire avec la diminution de la disponibilité en eau. La digestibilité des fourrages a augmenté de 10% en réponse à la sécheresse, mais cette valeur moyenne masque des disparités importantes entre essais. Nous discutons ensuite les spécificités des zones de montagne et Méditerranéennes. L'augmentation des températures s'est tradute par une augmentation de 9% de la teneur en N des fourrages en zone de montagne, alors que celle-cibaisse de 2% en plaine tempérée. En zone Méditerranéenne, la teneur en N des fourrages ne baisse que de 1% en réponse à l'augmentation de la teneur en CO2. Prises séparément, les variables du changement climatique n'entraînent donc pas de baisse notoire de la qualité des fourrages, mais leurs effets combinés doivent maintenant être analysés, ainsi que ceux d'événements extrêmes
Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), global mean temperature and inter-annual variability in temperature and rainfall are expected to be significantly higher by the end of the 21 st century. In order to review the effects of these factors on forage quality, we carried out a meta-analysis based on climate manipulation experiments. A first original output is the absence of effect of elevated CO2 on structural carbohydrates (NDF,ADF, lignin), and digestibility. Elevated CO2 decreased by an average of 9% forage nitrogen (N) content, but the concentration of N in the harvested biomass could be maintained as the result of increased legume abundance. There were no consistent effects of warming on N, water-soluble carbohydrates, NDF, ADF and digestibility. We highlighted the continuum in the effect of water availability from drought to irrigation, with a curvilinear increase of forage N response as water availability decreased. Digestibility increased on average by 10% with drought, but with strong experimental variations. Special emphasis is placed on the discussion of the specificities of mountain and Mediterranean grasslands. Forage N content increased by an average of 9% as a response to warming in mountain areas compared with a 2% decrease in temperate plains. In Mediterranean areas, forage N content was only reduced by 1% as the result of elevated CO2. In conclusion, we did not observe any dramatic change in forage quality induced by each climate change factor, but further experiments should test for the effects of combined factors including extreme climatic events.
A meta-analysis of climate change effects on forage quality in grasslands: perspectives for mountain and Mediterraneann areas
Porqueddu C;
2014
Abstract
Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), global mean temperature and inter-annual variability in temperature and rainfall are expected to be significantly higher by the end of the 21 st century. In order to review the effects of these factors on forage quality, we carried out a meta-analysis based on climate manipulation experiments. A first original output is the absence of effect of elevated CO2 on structural carbohydrates (NDF,ADF, lignin), and digestibility. Elevated CO2 decreased by an average of 9% forage nitrogen (N) content, but the concentration of N in the harvested biomass could be maintained as the result of increased legume abundance. There were no consistent effects of warming on N, water-soluble carbohydrates, NDF, ADF and digestibility. We highlighted the continuum in the effect of water availability from drought to irrigation, with a curvilinear increase of forage N response as water availability decreased. Digestibility increased on average by 10% with drought, but with strong experimental variations. Special emphasis is placed on the discussion of the specificities of mountain and Mediterranean grasslands. Forage N content increased by an average of 9% as a response to warming in mountain areas compared with a 2% decrease in temperate plains. In Mediterranean areas, forage N content was only reduced by 1% as the result of elevated CO2. In conclusion, we did not observe any dramatic change in forage quality induced by each climate change factor, but further experiments should test for the effects of combined factors including extreme climatic events.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.