Cynara cardunculus L. of the Asteraceae family is a diploid, cross-pollinated species complex, originated in the Mediterranean Basin area. This species contains three different taxa: the wild perennial cardoon [var. sylvestris (Lam.) Fiori], the globe artichoke [var. scolymus (L.) Fiori] and the leafy or cultivated cardoon (var. altilis DC). In order to assess genetic variation and population structure in Cynara cardunculus , 801 individuals representing 60 populations of wild cardoon (from across the Mediterranean Region) and the two cultigens, were genotyped at 35 microsatellite (SSR) loci evenly distributed on all the linkage groups of an artichoke x wild cardoon genetic map previously developed by our group. Genetic diversity parameters, including polymorphic information content, total number of alleles, mean number of alleles, allelic richness, observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity, were calculated. Genetic diversity was assessed for the whole germplasm data set and for four main groups: i) eastern wild cardoon, originated from Italy, Greece, Tunisia, and Malta; ii) western wild cardoon from Spain and Portugal; iii) cultivated cardoon; iv) artichoke. A more detailed analysis was carried out for eastern wild cardoon samples, which was the bigger group. The highest variation was observed in wild populations, particularly for the eastern germplasm, and especially for the Italian material. An excess in heterozigosity was observed for artichoke, suggesting a heterotic advantage for this cultigen. The wild material appeared to be well structured, although the western (from Iberian Peninsula) wild cardoon seemed to be very closely related to the cultivated cardoon. Wild populations from Tunisia formed a defined group and the Italian wild material was also structured. Both UPGMA tree and principal coordinate analysis (PCA) depicted a clear picture of the relative distribution of wild and cultivated material, providing evidence for the origin of artichoke and cardoon.
Genetic Variation And Population Structure of Cynara cardunculus
Gatto A;De Paola D;Morgese A;Sonnante Gi;Vendramin GG;Sonnante;
2013
Abstract
Cynara cardunculus L. of the Asteraceae family is a diploid, cross-pollinated species complex, originated in the Mediterranean Basin area. This species contains three different taxa: the wild perennial cardoon [var. sylvestris (Lam.) Fiori], the globe artichoke [var. scolymus (L.) Fiori] and the leafy or cultivated cardoon (var. altilis DC). In order to assess genetic variation and population structure in Cynara cardunculus , 801 individuals representing 60 populations of wild cardoon (from across the Mediterranean Region) and the two cultigens, were genotyped at 35 microsatellite (SSR) loci evenly distributed on all the linkage groups of an artichoke x wild cardoon genetic map previously developed by our group. Genetic diversity parameters, including polymorphic information content, total number of alleles, mean number of alleles, allelic richness, observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity, were calculated. Genetic diversity was assessed for the whole germplasm data set and for four main groups: i) eastern wild cardoon, originated from Italy, Greece, Tunisia, and Malta; ii) western wild cardoon from Spain and Portugal; iii) cultivated cardoon; iv) artichoke. A more detailed analysis was carried out for eastern wild cardoon samples, which was the bigger group. The highest variation was observed in wild populations, particularly for the eastern germplasm, and especially for the Italian material. An excess in heterozigosity was observed for artichoke, suggesting a heterotic advantage for this cultigen. The wild material appeared to be well structured, although the western (from Iberian Peninsula) wild cardoon seemed to be very closely related to the cultivated cardoon. Wild populations from Tunisia formed a defined group and the Italian wild material was also structured. Both UPGMA tree and principal coordinate analysis (PCA) depicted a clear picture of the relative distribution of wild and cultivated material, providing evidence for the origin of artichoke and cardoon.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
