The basic assumption of this paper is that school's potential to improve cross-cultural relations as well as interpersonal relations in general is enormous. This assumption is supported by a number of theoretical considerations and by the analysis of some data we obtained from a study we conducted on the attitudes toward diversity and multiculturalism of pupils attending Italian schools. Our research findings indicate that both teachers and pupils seldom perceive school as a place that can provide this positive and significant opportunity. On the basis of participants' descriptions of their experiences it is possible to deduce that many of the difficulties in pupils' relationships with culturally diverse peers at school coincide with or are very similar to the difficulties in their relationships with peers in general, thus supporting the assumption that there are some common basic motivations underlying the acceptance or the refusal of "the other", be "the other" culturally diverse or not. Depending on the cases, cross-cultural relations among pupils at school can be characterized by empathy, curiosity, failed attempts or a dearth of attempts to get to know each other, indifference, resentment, envy, and refusal. Our results are analyzed within a theoretical framework which includes the concept of diversity, contact theory, multicultural ideology and competitive life pattern. Teachers' role in fostering pupils' cross-cultural relations is discussed and some educational interventions aiming to develop acceptance of and interest in diversity, as well as empathy toward outgroup members, are suggested.
L'assunto di base di questo articolo è che il potenziale della scuola nel migliorare le relazioni interculturali, come pure le relazioni interpersonali in genere, sia enorme. Questo assunto si basa su alcune considerazioni teoriche come pure sull'analisi dei dati che abbiamo ottenuto da uno studio da noi effettuato sugli atteggiamenti verso la diversità e il multiculturalismo di alunni che frequentano le scuole italiane. I nostri risultati indicano che sia gli insegnanti che gli alunni raramente percepiscono la scuola come un luogo in grado di offrire questa opportunità positiva e significativa. Sulla base delle descrizioni, effettuate dai partecipanti, delle loro esperienze, è possibile dedurre che molte delle difficoltà nelle relazioni degli alunni a scuola con compagni di culture diverse coincidono con le difficoltà o sono molto simili alle difficoltà che essi incontrano nei loro rapporti con i compagni in generale, dimostrando quindi che ci sono alcune motivazioni di base comuni sottostanti l'accettazione o il rifiuto dell'"altro", sia che l'"altro" sia culturalmente diverso o no. A seconda dei casi, le relazioni interculturali tra gli alunni a scuola possono essere caratterizzate da empatia, curiosità, tentativi falliti o scarsi di conoscersi reciprocamente, indifferenza, risentimento, invidia e rifiuto. I nostri risultati sono analizzati in un quadro teorico che include il concetto di diversità, la teoria del contatto, l'ideologia multiculturale e il modello di vita competitivo. E' analizzato il ruolo degli insegnanti nel promuovere le relazioni interculturali degli studenti e sono suggeriti alcuni interventi educativi tesi a sviluppare l'accettazione e l'interesse nei confronti della diversità, come pure l'empatia verso i membri dell'outgroup.
School, cultural diversity and multiculturalism
2009
Abstract
The basic assumption of this paper is that school's potential to improve cross-cultural relations as well as interpersonal relations in general is enormous. This assumption is supported by a number of theoretical considerations and by the analysis of some data we obtained from a study we conducted on the attitudes toward diversity and multiculturalism of pupils attending Italian schools. Our research findings indicate that both teachers and pupils seldom perceive school as a place that can provide this positive and significant opportunity. On the basis of participants' descriptions of their experiences it is possible to deduce that many of the difficulties in pupils' relationships with culturally diverse peers at school coincide with or are very similar to the difficulties in their relationships with peers in general, thus supporting the assumption that there are some common basic motivations underlying the acceptance or the refusal of "the other", be "the other" culturally diverse or not. Depending on the cases, cross-cultural relations among pupils at school can be characterized by empathy, curiosity, failed attempts or a dearth of attempts to get to know each other, indifference, resentment, envy, and refusal. Our results are analyzed within a theoretical framework which includes the concept of diversity, contact theory, multicultural ideology and competitive life pattern. Teachers' role in fostering pupils' cross-cultural relations is discussed and some educational interventions aiming to develop acceptance of and interest in diversity, as well as empathy toward outgroup members, are suggested.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


