Theory, Modeling, Technology and applications of Micro/Nano quantum electronic and photonic devices

This book introduces a practical tool regarding the modeling of devices in integrated optics, quantum electronics, photonics, for high frequencies applications. The presented topics provide design criteria according with the technology in micro-nano scale for a wide range of applications: in particular, new theoretical approaches, combined with numerical ones, analyze accurately open waveguides, periodic waveguides, photonic crystals, antennas and micro electrical mechanical systems (MEMS). Physical properties of materials, such as losses, anisotropy, nonlinearity, and piezoelectricity are discussed. These properties are showed discussing tailored devices for filtering, sensing, switching, polarizing and coupling applications; the structures are engineered by means of analytical models and are checked by numerical methods such as Finite Element Method (FEM), Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD), Transmission Line Matrix (TLM), and wave expansion method (WEM). A basic theory is introduced in order to explain the principles of the electromagnetism in complex waveguides: the theory includes transmission line approach, the implementation of scalar potentials which decrease the computational cost of simulations by performing convergent solutions, modal analysis and analytical approximations applied to three dimensional (3D) waveguides. The theory is applied to discontinuous waveguides at high frequencies by choosing dielectric materials commonly used in micro-nano technological processes including active materials. The guiding, resonance, and radiation conditionsare checked in different engineered structures according with experimentalsetups. The design takes into account the technological limits of the device fabrication by improving an accurate parametric study of key parameters of the design.