Two field trials were carried out in Apulia region (Southern Italy) in the years 2012 and 2013 to verify the efficacy of dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) in shank application against the carrot cyst nematode Heterodera carotae and the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica, respectively. DMDS is an innovative soil fumigant for a modern and sustainable soil management. In both trials soil was subdivided in 4 x 50 m plots for shank application of the fumigant. Each plot was subdivided in 5 sub-plots to provide replications for each treatment. DMDS was applied at rates of 180, 280 and 370 L/ha and then covering the soil with VIF plastic film. Untreated soils were used as controls. As chemical controls were considered 1,3 dichloropropene (140 L/ha) in the year 2012 and oxamyl (50 Kg/ha) in the year 2013. In the second trial regarding the control of M. javanica, for the lowest dose of DMDS (180 L/ha) the soil was covered after shank fumigation not only with VIF film but also with TIF film. Films were removed in both trials 15 days later their applications and the soil aired for further 15 days. After soil aeration carrot (cv Bolero in 2012 and cv Exelso in 2013) was sown. In the first year before sowing, soil samples were collected in each plot to extract cysts by the Fenwick can. Cysts, collected from treated and untreated soils, were subjected to a hatching test to verify vitality of their eggs. Hatch percentage in untreated control was significantly higher (35.2%) than those observed in all other treatments (< 0.36%) that were not significantly different each other (P=0.01). At the end of the experiment no significant differences were observed in the number of cysts among the different treatment included the untreated control (P=0.01). The higher and significant marketable carrot yield was recorded in plots treated with DMDS at 370L/ha (575 q/ha) (P=0.01). Other treatments were significantly lower than DMDS at 370 L/ha. In the untreated control no marketable yield was harvested. In the second trial on M. javanica, at the end of the trial, soil samples were collected to extract eggs and juveniles by the Coolen's method. The lowest soil nematode population was observed in soils of plots treated with DMDS at rate of 370 L/ha and it was significant lower than those observed in oxamyl and untreated plots (P=0.01). However no statistical differences were observed among the different rates of DMDS and between the two plastic films VIF and TIF (P=0.01). The highest carrot marketable yield was observed in all three applied doses of DMDS covered with VIF (P=0.01). In untreated control marketable yield was significantly lower than those observed in all other treatments (P=0.01). Results providing evidence that DMDS represents a sustainable technical solution for controlling root-knot and cyst carrot nematodes. Further trials to control nematodes, combining DMDS with not chemical solutions, are ongoing for a sustainable soil management.
Dimethyl Disulfide (DMDS) in the sustainable control of the cyst nematode Heterodera carotae and the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica on carrot in Southern Italy.
Sasanelli N;
2015
Abstract
Two field trials were carried out in Apulia region (Southern Italy) in the years 2012 and 2013 to verify the efficacy of dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) in shank application against the carrot cyst nematode Heterodera carotae and the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica, respectively. DMDS is an innovative soil fumigant for a modern and sustainable soil management. In both trials soil was subdivided in 4 x 50 m plots for shank application of the fumigant. Each plot was subdivided in 5 sub-plots to provide replications for each treatment. DMDS was applied at rates of 180, 280 and 370 L/ha and then covering the soil with VIF plastic film. Untreated soils were used as controls. As chemical controls were considered 1,3 dichloropropene (140 L/ha) in the year 2012 and oxamyl (50 Kg/ha) in the year 2013. In the second trial regarding the control of M. javanica, for the lowest dose of DMDS (180 L/ha) the soil was covered after shank fumigation not only with VIF film but also with TIF film. Films were removed in both trials 15 days later their applications and the soil aired for further 15 days. After soil aeration carrot (cv Bolero in 2012 and cv Exelso in 2013) was sown. In the first year before sowing, soil samples were collected in each plot to extract cysts by the Fenwick can. Cysts, collected from treated and untreated soils, were subjected to a hatching test to verify vitality of their eggs. Hatch percentage in untreated control was significantly higher (35.2%) than those observed in all other treatments (< 0.36%) that were not significantly different each other (P=0.01). At the end of the experiment no significant differences were observed in the number of cysts among the different treatment included the untreated control (P=0.01). The higher and significant marketable carrot yield was recorded in plots treated with DMDS at 370L/ha (575 q/ha) (P=0.01). Other treatments were significantly lower than DMDS at 370 L/ha. In the untreated control no marketable yield was harvested. In the second trial on M. javanica, at the end of the trial, soil samples were collected to extract eggs and juveniles by the Coolen's method. The lowest soil nematode population was observed in soils of plots treated with DMDS at rate of 370 L/ha and it was significant lower than those observed in oxamyl and untreated plots (P=0.01). However no statistical differences were observed among the different rates of DMDS and between the two plastic films VIF and TIF (P=0.01). The highest carrot marketable yield was observed in all three applied doses of DMDS covered with VIF (P=0.01). In untreated control marketable yield was significantly lower than those observed in all other treatments (P=0.01). Results providing evidence that DMDS represents a sustainable technical solution for controlling root-knot and cyst carrot nematodes. Further trials to control nematodes, combining DMDS with not chemical solutions, are ongoing for a sustainable soil management.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
