In all grapevine growing countries trunk diseases of grapevine are considered at present one of the main cause of damage to both quality and quantity of production. They also reduce strongly the life-lenght of the vineyard. The damages are as severe in wine grape as in table grape, often starting since the very first years of plantation. Three types of wood symptoms and consequent diseases can be found on grapevine: wood decay, caused in Europe and in the Mediterranean area by the same agents causing wood decay in other crops as citrus or olive; cankers, causing the death of the cordon, and again associated to pathogens present in several other crops, and a vascular disease, causing a malfunctioning of the leaves bringing a progressive weakening and finally death of the vines. These diseases, namely Eutypa and Botryosphaeriaceae cankers and dieback, a wood white-decay caused by Fomitiporia mediterranea, and the other diseases or syndromes in the Esca complex (mainly grapevine leaf stripe disease, GLSD), are influenced by a range of cultural, climatic, environmental factors, and are impossible to counteract with one single solution. Within this general picture three different approaches were set up to try and control GLSD and are bringing to initial promising results. 1) Pruning wound protection is the first to be mentioned as pruning wounds are a relevant infection court for all the wood diseases: from winter pruning new infections start every year increasing the complexity of the interaction between the numerous fungal pathogens entering the wood tissue, the other microorganisms and the plant itself. So pruning wound protection is a common approach for the control of all the diseases mentioned and a lot of effort is dedicated to detecting products and protocols suitable for organic viticulture and/or for integrated pest management also against the GLSD agents. 2) Application of wood penetrating chemical formulations. 3) Foliar treatments, to stimulate plant defence reaction. These two last approaches are particularly relevant for diseases in which wood infections cause a malfunctioning of the leaves. Positive or promising results obtained in field trials in Italian vineyards are reported and the future application of these approaches in an integrated strategy for the control of grapevine trunk diseases will be discussed.
Perspectives on control of grapevine trunk diseases associated with fungal pathogens
DI MARCO S;
2015
Abstract
In all grapevine growing countries trunk diseases of grapevine are considered at present one of the main cause of damage to both quality and quantity of production. They also reduce strongly the life-lenght of the vineyard. The damages are as severe in wine grape as in table grape, often starting since the very first years of plantation. Three types of wood symptoms and consequent diseases can be found on grapevine: wood decay, caused in Europe and in the Mediterranean area by the same agents causing wood decay in other crops as citrus or olive; cankers, causing the death of the cordon, and again associated to pathogens present in several other crops, and a vascular disease, causing a malfunctioning of the leaves bringing a progressive weakening and finally death of the vines. These diseases, namely Eutypa and Botryosphaeriaceae cankers and dieback, a wood white-decay caused by Fomitiporia mediterranea, and the other diseases or syndromes in the Esca complex (mainly grapevine leaf stripe disease, GLSD), are influenced by a range of cultural, climatic, environmental factors, and are impossible to counteract with one single solution. Within this general picture three different approaches were set up to try and control GLSD and are bringing to initial promising results. 1) Pruning wound protection is the first to be mentioned as pruning wounds are a relevant infection court for all the wood diseases: from winter pruning new infections start every year increasing the complexity of the interaction between the numerous fungal pathogens entering the wood tissue, the other microorganisms and the plant itself. So pruning wound protection is a common approach for the control of all the diseases mentioned and a lot of effort is dedicated to detecting products and protocols suitable for organic viticulture and/or for integrated pest management also against the GLSD agents. 2) Application of wood penetrating chemical formulations. 3) Foliar treatments, to stimulate plant defence reaction. These two last approaches are particularly relevant for diseases in which wood infections cause a malfunctioning of the leaves. Positive or promising results obtained in field trials in Italian vineyards are reported and the future application of these approaches in an integrated strategy for the control of grapevine trunk diseases will be discussed.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
