Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE) has been considered as a technique exploitable within strategies for immobilization of enzymes, because it is able to produce thin films of organic material [1]. Enzyme immobilization on the transducer is a fundamental and critical step in a biosensor design. The strategy of the immobilization greatly influence the properties of the biocatalyst in terms of activity, life-time, stability of response and cost of the resulting device [2]. Several method have been developed for enzyme immobilization [2] and MAPLE can represent a usefull alternative approach. Our previous results on the deposition of Laccase thin films by MAPLE obtained with water as the solvent were very promising [3]. Laccase was chosen since it is a redox enzyme widely used as a biological recognition component in biosensors for the detection of polyphenols [4]. In this study Laccase film was deposited by MAPLE using benzene as the solvent and modifying some deposition conditions to improve the enzymatic film performance. In table 1 are reported the deposition parameters used, in particular the values both of pulse energy and deposition time that were lower than those used for the deposition from the Laccase aqueous solution. Thin film molecular structure and surface morphology were evaluated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy, respectively. Moreover, the enzymatic activity was determined by spectrophotometric and chronoamperometric analysis by using syringaldazine and catechol as the enzyme substrates, respectively. FTIR analysis demonstrated that Laccase underwent no substantial modification in primary and secondary structures during MAPLE processes with benzene or aqueous solutions. Moreover, also AFM analysis showed that Laccase thin films from both processes were slightly different and both of them covering completely the surface. Nevertheless, MAPLE with benzene by using the optimized deposition conditions has allowed to obtain more active films in a shorter time with respect to those obtained with water, as evidenced both by spectrophotometric and electrochemical results. Therefore, we can conclude that MAPLE with benzene can be an effective innovative technique for immobilization of redox enzymes for biosensor development, although further investigation are needed. [1] A.P. Caricato and A. Luches, Appl. Phys. A 105 (2011) 565-582. [2] A. Sassolas et al, Biothecnol. Adv. 30 (2012) 489-511. [3] N. Cicco et al, Sensors, Proceeding of Second National Conference on Sensors, Series: Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, Vol 319 (2015) 47-51. [4] F. Karim and A. N. M. Fakhruddin, Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 11 (2012) 261-274.
Matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation for Laccase immobilization in biosensors
2015
Abstract
Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE) has been considered as a technique exploitable within strategies for immobilization of enzymes, because it is able to produce thin films of organic material [1]. Enzyme immobilization on the transducer is a fundamental and critical step in a biosensor design. The strategy of the immobilization greatly influence the properties of the biocatalyst in terms of activity, life-time, stability of response and cost of the resulting device [2]. Several method have been developed for enzyme immobilization [2] and MAPLE can represent a usefull alternative approach. Our previous results on the deposition of Laccase thin films by MAPLE obtained with water as the solvent were very promising [3]. Laccase was chosen since it is a redox enzyme widely used as a biological recognition component in biosensors for the detection of polyphenols [4]. In this study Laccase film was deposited by MAPLE using benzene as the solvent and modifying some deposition conditions to improve the enzymatic film performance. In table 1 are reported the deposition parameters used, in particular the values both of pulse energy and deposition time that were lower than those used for the deposition from the Laccase aqueous solution. Thin film molecular structure and surface morphology were evaluated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy, respectively. Moreover, the enzymatic activity was determined by spectrophotometric and chronoamperometric analysis by using syringaldazine and catechol as the enzyme substrates, respectively. FTIR analysis demonstrated that Laccase underwent no substantial modification in primary and secondary structures during MAPLE processes with benzene or aqueous solutions. Moreover, also AFM analysis showed that Laccase thin films from both processes were slightly different and both of them covering completely the surface. Nevertheless, MAPLE with benzene by using the optimized deposition conditions has allowed to obtain more active films in a shorter time with respect to those obtained with water, as evidenced both by spectrophotometric and electrochemical results. Therefore, we can conclude that MAPLE with benzene can be an effective innovative technique for immobilization of redox enzymes for biosensor development, although further investigation are needed. [1] A.P. Caricato and A. Luches, Appl. Phys. A 105 (2011) 565-582. [2] A. Sassolas et al, Biothecnol. Adv. 30 (2012) 489-511. [3] N. Cicco et al, Sensors, Proceeding of Second National Conference on Sensors, Series: Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, Vol 319 (2015) 47-51. [4] F. Karim and A. N. M. Fakhruddin, Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 11 (2012) 261-274.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.