INTRODUCTION The marine stratigraphy of active volcanic areas located in the Campania offshore is herein shown and discussed based on high resolution seismic data (Sparker seismic source). Selected examples located in the Gulf of Pozzuoli and in the Ischia offshore will be shown. New and innovative geological and hazard maps of volcanic terrains have been presented, dealing with the definition of mapped units during the field survey, highlighting that a geological map represents a warehouse in which to store the data existing on past eruptions and on inter-eruptive phenomena, having significant implications on the volcanic hazard assessment (Lucchi et al., 2010; Tibaldi, 2010; Bonomo and Ricci, 2010; Palladino et al., 2010; Viereck-Goette et al., 2010; Martì et al., 2010; Gertisser et al., 2010; Milia, 2010; Perrotta et al., 2010; De Vita et al., 2010; De Beni and Groppelli, 2010; Cortes et al., 2010; Vargas-Franco et al., 2010; Sheridan et al., 2010). Marine stratigraphy of active volcanic areas in the Campania offshore has been previously discussed, focusing on examples located in the Gulf of Pozzuoli and Ischia island (Aiello et al., 2012a; 2012b). The techniques of sequence stratigraphy have been successfully applied in seismo-stratigraphic interpretation of high resolution seismic data to produce reliable geoseismic sections showing the stratigraphic relationships among volcanic bodies and interstratified marine deposits, mostly pertaining to the Late Quaternary depositional sequence (De Lange et al., 1989; Amorosi et al., 2008; Riboulot et al., 2012; Oyedele and Duprè, 2014; Aiello and Marsella, 2015). The contribution of alluvial and marine sediments has controlled marine patterns and depositional sequences. The thickness of Pleistocene-Holocene marine sediments in the Ischia offshore ranges between 425 m and 170 m based on computed seismic lines, being higher in western Ischia offshore. Sedimentary drapes have been detected along all the southern continental slope of the island, reaching a thickess of several tens of meters. GEOLOGIC SETTING The Gulf of Pozzuoli represents the submarine prolongation of the Phlegrean Fields, a volcanic district surrounding the western part of the Gulf of Naples, which was active during the last 50 kyr (Rosi and Sbrana, 1987). It is located in a central position within the graben of the Campania Plain. Pre-calderic and post-calderic volcanic activity have been distinguished. The first one developed in correspondence with small and scattered volcanic centers, erupting trachytic pyroclastites and lavas. The second one was characterized by four main phases and has been constrained through deep geothermal drilling in the Phlegrean area. Being located westwards to the Phlegrean caldera, the Ischia island is formed by volcanic rocks erupted from different centers, ranging in age from 150 ky B.P. and 1302 A.D. The geologic setting is dominated by the Monte Epomeo structure (787 a.s.l.), whose formation was controlled by the volcano-tectonic uplift consequent to the caldera resurgence triggered by the eruption of the Epomeo Green Tuffs, happened at 55 ky B.P. (Vezzoli, 1988). The Southern Ischia canyon system has been investigated in detail (Aiello and Marsella, 2014), showing significant erosional processes in correspondence of canyons individuated off Barano and Maronti, active during recent times. RESULTS A sketch table of marine seismic units in the Gulf of Pozzuoli has been constructed based on the interpretation of high resolution seismic data (Table 1). Seismic unitSeismic faciesGeologic interpretationLocation HSTProgradational to parallel seismic reflectorsHighstand System Tract (HST)Eastern sector of the Gulf of Pozzuoli TSTRetrogradational seismic reflectorsTransgressive System Tract (TST)Eastern sector of the Gulf of Pozzuoli LslWedge-shaped chaotic and discontinuous seismic unitLandslide deposits interstratified in the upper part of LST; occurrence of palaeochannels. Gulf of Pozzuoli, south of Miseno Cape. LSTProgradational seismic reflectors, erosionally truncated at their top. Lowstand System Tract (LST)Inner continental shelf of the Gulf of Pozzuoli G1Parallel and continuous seismic reflectors. Upper unit of the Pozzuoli basin fill. Gulf of Pozzuoli Lsl2Wedge-shaped chaotic and discontinuous seismic unitFossil submarine landslide overlying the G2 marine unit and underlying LST deposits. Eastern sector of the Gulf of Pozzuoli NYT/PCNYT: wedge-shaped acoustically transparent volcanic seismic unit. PC: mound-shaped acoustically-transparent volcanic bodies interstratified with parallel reflectors. NYT: pyroclastic deposits of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (12 ky), deposited in Naples and Pozzuoli offshore. PC: Tuff cones of the Nisida volcanic complex, in facies hetheropy with NYT and interstratified with G3 marine deposits. Naples and Pozzuoli offshore. G2Parallel and continuous seismic reflectors. Intermediate seismic unit of the basin fill; marine clastic deposits involved by strong wedging and growth, showing the activity of synsedimentary tectonics. Gulf of Pozzuoli. Lsl1Wedge-shaped, chaotic to discontinuous seismic unit. Wide paleo-landslide overlying the V3 volcaniclastic unit and coeval with the basal part of the G2 marine unit. Eastern sector of the Gulf of Pozzuoli Pyr2Continuous progradational to parallel seismic reflectorsPyroclastic unit Offshore from Capo Miseno to Miseno Bank dKSub-vertical volcanic bodies, acoustically-transparent and locally bounded by normal faults. Volcanic dykes due to magma uprising in correspondence to normal faults. Eastern and central Gulf of Pozzuoli. Pyr1Discontinuous to parallel seismic reflectors. Pyroclastic unitStructural depression under the volcanic edifice of Capo Miseno G3Discontinuous to parallel seismic reflectors. Lower sedimentary unit of the basin fill deformed in anticlines (Punta Pennata anticline, Pozzuoli anticline, Nisida anticline) and corresponding synclines (central syncline of Pozzuoli; Epitaffio syncline). Naples and Pozzuoli Gulfs. V3Discontinuous and acoustically-transparent seismic unit, strongly eroded at its top. Volcaniclastic unit related to the northern margin of the Pentapalummo bank, deformed by aforementioned compressional structures. Gulf of Pozzuoli. Table 1: Table of the seismic units in the Gulf of Pozzuoli (high resolution seismic stratigraphy). On the other side, a table of the seismic units of the southern Ischia offshore has also been constructed based on high resolution seismic data, focusing on the Ischia Bank, a wide and relict volcanic edifice located in the south-eastern Ischia offshore. Seismic unitSeismic faciesGeological interpretation 1Progradational geometries with eroded topsets and preserved clinoforms. Relict prograding wedge (Late Pleistocene marine deposits) V3-CIMounded-shaped, acoustically-transparent seismic unit.Volcanic unit of the Ischia Channel. Pyroclastites and lavas genetically related to the eastern Ischia offshore volcanic edifices (I Ruommoli, La Catena, Le Formiche di Vivara, il Pertuso). 3Discontinuous seismic reflectors having a high amplitude. Pyroclastic unit in lateral contact with the V3-CI seismic unit. V2-BIOuter morphology of bank. Acoustically-transparent seismic facies. Volcanic unit of the Ischia Bank. Lavas and pyroclastic products genetically related to the monogenetic volcanic edifice of the Ischia Bank. 5Discontinuous seismic reflectors having a high amplitude. Pyroclastic unit. Onlap on structural depressions and palaeo-channels. Marine counterpart of the Solchiaro Yellow Tuffs (18 ky B.P.; Procida island). FST/TST/HSTPrograding clinoforms (FST) Retrogradational reflectors (TST) Parallel seismic reflectors (HST). Late Quaternary depositional sequence. FST: forced regression prograding wedges on the margins of the Ischia Bank. TST: transgressive fillings. HST: highstand deposits downlapping on flooding surfaces at the top of HST and TST. 7Parallel seismic reflectorsPelites and sandy pelites cropping out at the sea bottom in outer shelf domains. DxParallel seismic reflectorsBioclastic deposits Table 2: Seismic units of the southern Ischia offshore (Ischia Bank) A significant correlation may be desumed concealing the aspects on seismic stratigraphy of marine volcanic seismic units of Ischia and Pozzuoli, sectors, being important active volcanic areas of the Gulf of Naples during the Late Quaternary. REFERENCES Aiello G., Marsella E. (2014) The Southern Ischia canyon system: examples of deep sea depositional systems on the continental slopes off Campania (Italy). Rend. online Soc. Geol. It., doi 10.3301/ROL.2014.145. Aiello G., Marsella E. (2015) Interactions between Late Quaternary volcanic and sedimentary processes in the Naples Bay, Southern Tyrrhenian sea. Ital. Journ. of Geosci., 134 (2), 367-382. Aiello G., Marsella E. Di Fiore V. (2012a) New seismo-stratigraphic and marine magnetic data of the Gulf of Pozzuoli (Naples Bay, Tyrrhenian sea, Italy): inferences for the tectonic and magmatic events of the Phlegrean Fields volcanic complex. Marine Geophysical Researches, 33 (2), 93-125. Aiello G., Marsella E., Passaro S. (2012b) Stratigraphic and structural setting of the Ischia volcanic complex (Naples Bay, Southern Italy) revealed by submarine seismic reflection data. Rend. Lincei, 23, 387-408. Amorosi A., Haq B.U., Sabato L. (2008) Advances in application of sequence stratigraphy in Italy. Geoacta Special Publication, 1, 253 pp. Bonomo R., Ricci V. (2010) Application of unconformity-bounded stratigraphic (UBS) units to the geological survey of the volcanic island Ustica (Italy). In: Groppelli G., Goette L.V. (2010) Stratigraphy and Geology of Volcanic Areas, pp. 51-63. Cortes A., Garduno V.H., Macias J.L., Navarro-Ochoa C., Komorowski J.C., Saucedo R., Gavilanes J.C. (2010) Geologic mapping of the Colima volcanic complex (Mexico) and implications for hazard assessment. In: Groppelli G., Goette L.V. (2010) Stratigraphy and Geology of Volcanic Areas, pp. 249-265. De Beni E., Groppelli G. (2010) 40Ar/39Ar radiometric dating to constrain the volcanic stratigraphy: The Mt. Etna methodological case. In: Groppelli G., Goette L.V. (2010) Stratigraphy and Geology of Volcanic Areas, pp. 241-248. De Lange G., Middelburg J.J., Pruysers P.A. (1989) Middle and Late Quaternary depositional sequences and cycles in the eastern Mediterranean. Sedimentology, 36, 151-156. De Vita S., Sansivero F., Orsi G., Marotta E., Piochi M. (2010) Volcanological and structural evolution of the Ischia resurgent caldera (Italy) over the past 10 ky. In: Groppelli G., Goette L.V. (2010) Stratigraphy and Geology of Volcanic Areas, pp. 193-240. Gertisser R., Self S., Gaspar J.L., Kelley S.P., Pimentel A., Eikenberg J., Barry T.L., Pacheco J.M., Queiroz G., Vespa M. (2010) Ignimbrite stratigraphy and chronology on Terceira Islands, Azores. In: Groppelli G., Goette L.V. (2010) Stratigraphy and Geology of Volcanic Areas, pp. 133-155. Lucchi F., Tranne C.A., Rossi P.L. (2010) Stratigraphic approach to geological mapping of the late Quaternary volcanic island of Lipari (Aeolian archipelago, southern Italy). In: Groppelli G., Goette L.V. (2010) Stratigraphy and Geology of Volcanic Areas, pp. 1-32. Martì J., Soriano C., Galindo I., Cas R.A.F. (2010) Resolving problems with the origin of Las Canadas caldera (Tenerife, Canary islands): Los Roques de Garcia Formation - Part of a major debris avalanche or an in situ, stratified, edifice-bulding succession? In: Groppelli G., Goette L.V. (2010) Stratigraphy and Geology of Volcanic Areas, pp. 63-84. Milia A. (2010) The stratigraphic signature of volcanism off Campi Flegrei (Bay of Naples, Italy). In: Groppelli G., Goette L.V. (2010) Stratigraphy and Geology of Volcanic Areas, pp. 155-171. Oyedele O.A., Duprè W.R. (2014) Inferred depositional history of Middle-Late Quaternary depositional systems using seismic facies analysis and age dating. Offshore Technology Conference, doi: 10.4043/25168-MS. Palladino D.M., Simei S., Sottili G., Trigila R. (2010) Integrated approach for the reconstruction of stratigraphy and geology of Quaternary volcanic terrains: an application to the Vulsini volcanoes (Central Italy). In: Groppelli G., Goette L.V. (2010) Stratigraphy and Geology of Volcanic Areas, pp. 113-143. Perrotta A., Scarpati C., Luongo G., Morra V. (2010) Stratigraphy and volcanological evolution of the southwestern sector of Campi Flegrei and Procida island, Italy. In: Groppelli G., Goette L.V. (2010) Stratigraphy and Geology of Volcanic Areas, pp. 171-192. Riboulot V., Cattaneo A., Bernè S., Schneider R.R., Voisset M., Imbert P., Grimaud S.(2012) Geometry and chronology of late Quaternary depositional sequences in the Eastern Niger submarine delta. Marine Geology, 319-322, 1-20. Rosi M. and Sbrana A. (1987) Phlegrean Fields. CNR, Quaderni de La Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, Italy. Sheridan M.F., Patra A.K., Dalbey K., Hubbard B. (2010) Probabilistic digital hazard maps for avalanches and massive pyroclastic flows using TITAN2D. In: Groppelli G., Goette L.V. (2010) Stratigraphy and Geology of Volcanic Areas, pp. 281-301. Tibaldi A. (2010) A new geological map of Stromboli volcano (Tyrrhenian sea, Italy) based on application of lithostratigraphic and unconformity-bounded stratigraphic (UBS) units. In: Groppelli G., Goette L.V. (2010) Stratigraphy and Geology of Volcanic Areas, pp. 33-51. Vargas-Franco R.D., Thouret J.C., Delaite G., van Westen C., Sheridan M.F., Siebe C., Marino J., Souriot T., Stinton A. (2010) Mapping and assessing volcanic and flood hazards and risks, with emphasis on lahars, in Arequipa, Peru. In: Groppelli G., Goette L.V. (2010) Stratigraphy and Geology of Volcanic Areas, pp. 265-281. Vezzoli L. (1988) Island of Ischia. CNR, Quaderni de La Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, Italy. Viereck-Goette L., Lepetit P., Gurel A., Ganskow G., Copurolu I., Abratis M. (2010) Revised volcanostratigraphy of the Upper Miocene to Lower Pliocene Urgup Formation, Central Anatolian volcanic province, Turkey. In: Groppelli G., Goette L.V. (2010) Stratigraphy and Geology of Volcanic Areas, pp. 85-112.
Marine stratigraphy of active volcanic areas in the Campania offshore: correlation between the seismic units of the Gulf of Pozzuoli and Ischia island
Aiello Gemma
2016-01-01
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The marine stratigraphy of active volcanic areas located in the Campania offshore is herein shown and discussed based on high resolution seismic data (Sparker seismic source). Selected examples located in the Gulf of Pozzuoli and in the Ischia offshore will be shown. New and innovative geological and hazard maps of volcanic terrains have been presented, dealing with the definition of mapped units during the field survey, highlighting that a geological map represents a warehouse in which to store the data existing on past eruptions and on inter-eruptive phenomena, having significant implications on the volcanic hazard assessment (Lucchi et al., 2010; Tibaldi, 2010; Bonomo and Ricci, 2010; Palladino et al., 2010; Viereck-Goette et al., 2010; Martì et al., 2010; Gertisser et al., 2010; Milia, 2010; Perrotta et al., 2010; De Vita et al., 2010; De Beni and Groppelli, 2010; Cortes et al., 2010; Vargas-Franco et al., 2010; Sheridan et al., 2010). Marine stratigraphy of active volcanic areas in the Campania offshore has been previously discussed, focusing on examples located in the Gulf of Pozzuoli and Ischia island (Aiello et al., 2012a; 2012b). The techniques of sequence stratigraphy have been successfully applied in seismo-stratigraphic interpretation of high resolution seismic data to produce reliable geoseismic sections showing the stratigraphic relationships among volcanic bodies and interstratified marine deposits, mostly pertaining to the Late Quaternary depositional sequence (De Lange et al., 1989; Amorosi et al., 2008; Riboulot et al., 2012; Oyedele and Duprè, 2014; Aiello and Marsella, 2015). The contribution of alluvial and marine sediments has controlled marine patterns and depositional sequences. The thickness of Pleistocene-Holocene marine sediments in the Ischia offshore ranges between 425 m and 170 m based on computed seismic lines, being higher in western Ischia offshore. Sedimentary drapes have been detected along all the southern continental slope of the island, reaching a thickess of several tens of meters. GEOLOGIC SETTING The Gulf of Pozzuoli represents the submarine prolongation of the Phlegrean Fields, a volcanic district surrounding the western part of the Gulf of Naples, which was active during the last 50 kyr (Rosi and Sbrana, 1987). It is located in a central position within the graben of the Campania Plain. Pre-calderic and post-calderic volcanic activity have been distinguished. The first one developed in correspondence with small and scattered volcanic centers, erupting trachytic pyroclastites and lavas. The second one was characterized by four main phases and has been constrained through deep geothermal drilling in the Phlegrean area. Being located westwards to the Phlegrean caldera, the Ischia island is formed by volcanic rocks erupted from different centers, ranging in age from 150 ky B.P. and 1302 A.D. The geologic setting is dominated by the Monte Epomeo structure (787 a.s.l.), whose formation was controlled by the volcano-tectonic uplift consequent to the caldera resurgence triggered by the eruption of the Epomeo Green Tuffs, happened at 55 ky B.P. (Vezzoli, 1988). The Southern Ischia canyon system has been investigated in detail (Aiello and Marsella, 2014), showing significant erosional processes in correspondence of canyons individuated off Barano and Maronti, active during recent times. RESULTS A sketch table of marine seismic units in the Gulf of Pozzuoli has been constructed based on the interpretation of high resolution seismic data (Table 1). Seismic unitSeismic faciesGeologic interpretationLocation HSTProgradational to parallel seismic reflectorsHighstand System Tract (HST)Eastern sector of the Gulf of Pozzuoli TSTRetrogradational seismic reflectorsTransgressive System Tract (TST)Eastern sector of the Gulf of Pozzuoli LslWedge-shaped chaotic and discontinuous seismic unitLandslide deposits interstratified in the upper part of LST; occurrence of palaeochannels. Gulf of Pozzuoli, south of Miseno Cape. LSTProgradational seismic reflectors, erosionally truncated at their top. Lowstand System Tract (LST)Inner continental shelf of the Gulf of Pozzuoli G1Parallel and continuous seismic reflectors. Upper unit of the Pozzuoli basin fill. Gulf of Pozzuoli Lsl2Wedge-shaped chaotic and discontinuous seismic unitFossil submarine landslide overlying the G2 marine unit and underlying LST deposits. Eastern sector of the Gulf of Pozzuoli NYT/PCNYT: wedge-shaped acoustically transparent volcanic seismic unit. PC: mound-shaped acoustically-transparent volcanic bodies interstratified with parallel reflectors. NYT: pyroclastic deposits of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (12 ky), deposited in Naples and Pozzuoli offshore. PC: Tuff cones of the Nisida volcanic complex, in facies hetheropy with NYT and interstratified with G3 marine deposits. Naples and Pozzuoli offshore. G2Parallel and continuous seismic reflectors. Intermediate seismic unit of the basin fill; marine clastic deposits involved by strong wedging and growth, showing the activity of synsedimentary tectonics. Gulf of Pozzuoli. Lsl1Wedge-shaped, chaotic to discontinuous seismic unit. Wide paleo-landslide overlying the V3 volcaniclastic unit and coeval with the basal part of the G2 marine unit. Eastern sector of the Gulf of Pozzuoli Pyr2Continuous progradational to parallel seismic reflectorsPyroclastic unit Offshore from Capo Miseno to Miseno Bank dKSub-vertical volcanic bodies, acoustically-transparent and locally bounded by normal faults. Volcanic dykes due to magma uprising in correspondence to normal faults. Eastern and central Gulf of Pozzuoli. Pyr1Discontinuous to parallel seismic reflectors. Pyroclastic unitStructural depression under the volcanic edifice of Capo Miseno G3Discontinuous to parallel seismic reflectors. Lower sedimentary unit of the basin fill deformed in anticlines (Punta Pennata anticline, Pozzuoli anticline, Nisida anticline) and corresponding synclines (central syncline of Pozzuoli; Epitaffio syncline). Naples and Pozzuoli Gulfs. V3Discontinuous and acoustically-transparent seismic unit, strongly eroded at its top. Volcaniclastic unit related to the northern margin of the Pentapalummo bank, deformed by aforementioned compressional structures. Gulf of Pozzuoli. Table 1: Table of the seismic units in the Gulf of Pozzuoli (high resolution seismic stratigraphy). On the other side, a table of the seismic units of the southern Ischia offshore has also been constructed based on high resolution seismic data, focusing on the Ischia Bank, a wide and relict volcanic edifice located in the south-eastern Ischia offshore. Seismic unitSeismic faciesGeological interpretation 1Progradational geometries with eroded topsets and preserved clinoforms. Relict prograding wedge (Late Pleistocene marine deposits) V3-CIMounded-shaped, acoustically-transparent seismic unit.Volcanic unit of the Ischia Channel. Pyroclastites and lavas genetically related to the eastern Ischia offshore volcanic edifices (I Ruommoli, La Catena, Le Formiche di Vivara, il Pertuso). 3Discontinuous seismic reflectors having a high amplitude. Pyroclastic unit in lateral contact with the V3-CI seismic unit. V2-BIOuter morphology of bank. Acoustically-transparent seismic facies. Volcanic unit of the Ischia Bank. Lavas and pyroclastic products genetically related to the monogenetic volcanic edifice of the Ischia Bank. 5Discontinuous seismic reflectors having a high amplitude. Pyroclastic unit. Onlap on structural depressions and palaeo-channels. Marine counterpart of the Solchiaro Yellow Tuffs (18 ky B.P.; Procida island). FST/TST/HSTPrograding clinoforms (FST) Retrogradational reflectors (TST) Parallel seismic reflectors (HST). Late Quaternary depositional sequence. FST: forced regression prograding wedges on the margins of the Ischia Bank. TST: transgressive fillings. HST: highstand deposits downlapping on flooding surfaces at the top of HST and TST. 7Parallel seismic reflectorsPelites and sandy pelites cropping out at the sea bottom in outer shelf domains. DxParallel seismic reflectorsBioclastic deposits Table 2: Seismic units of the southern Ischia offshore (Ischia Bank) A significant correlation may be desumed concealing the aspects on seismic stratigraphy of marine volcanic seismic units of Ischia and Pozzuoli, sectors, being important active volcanic areas of the Gulf of Naples during the Late Quaternary. REFERENCES Aiello G., Marsella E. (2014) The Southern Ischia canyon system: examples of deep sea depositional systems on the continental slopes off Campania (Italy). Rend. online Soc. Geol. It., doi 10.3301/ROL.2014.145. Aiello G., Marsella E. (2015) Interactions between Late Quaternary volcanic and sedimentary processes in the Naples Bay, Southern Tyrrhenian sea. Ital. Journ. of Geosci., 134 (2), 367-382. Aiello G., Marsella E. Di Fiore V. (2012a) New seismo-stratigraphic and marine magnetic data of the Gulf of Pozzuoli (Naples Bay, Tyrrhenian sea, Italy): inferences for the tectonic and magmatic events of the Phlegrean Fields volcanic complex. Marine Geophysical Researches, 33 (2), 93-125. Aiello G., Marsella E., Passaro S. (2012b) Stratigraphic and structural setting of the Ischia volcanic complex (Naples Bay, Southern Italy) revealed by submarine seismic reflection data. Rend. Lincei, 23, 387-408. Amorosi A., Haq B.U., Sabato L. (2008) Advances in application of sequence stratigraphy in Italy. Geoacta Special Publication, 1, 253 pp. Bonomo R., Ricci V. (2010) Application of unconformity-bounded stratigraphic (UBS) units to the geological survey of the volcanic island Ustica (Italy). In: Groppelli G., Goette L.V. (2010) Stratigraphy and Geology of Volcanic Areas, pp. 51-63. Cortes A., Garduno V.H., Macias J.L., Navarro-Ochoa C., Komorowski J.C., Saucedo R., Gavilanes J.C. (2010) Geologic mapping of the Colima volcanic complex (Mexico) and implications for hazard assessment. In: Groppelli G., Goette L.V. (2010) Stratigraphy and Geology of Volcanic Areas, pp. 249-265. De Beni E., Groppelli G. (2010) 40Ar/39Ar radiometric dating to constrain the volcanic stratigraphy: The Mt. Etna methodological case. In: Groppelli G., Goette L.V. (2010) Stratigraphy and Geology of Volcanic Areas, pp. 241-248. De Lange G., Middelburg J.J., Pruysers P.A. (1989) Middle and Late Quaternary depositional sequences and cycles in the eastern Mediterranean. Sedimentology, 36, 151-156. De Vita S., Sansivero F., Orsi G., Marotta E., Piochi M. (2010) Volcanological and structural evolution of the Ischia resurgent caldera (Italy) over the past 10 ky. In: Groppelli G., Goette L.V. (2010) Stratigraphy and Geology of Volcanic Areas, pp. 193-240. Gertisser R., Self S., Gaspar J.L., Kelley S.P., Pimentel A., Eikenberg J., Barry T.L., Pacheco J.M., Queiroz G., Vespa M. (2010) Ignimbrite stratigraphy and chronology on Terceira Islands, Azores. In: Groppelli G., Goette L.V. (2010) Stratigraphy and Geology of Volcanic Areas, pp. 133-155. Lucchi F., Tranne C.A., Rossi P.L. (2010) Stratigraphic approach to geological mapping of the late Quaternary volcanic island of Lipari (Aeolian archipelago, southern Italy). In: Groppelli G., Goette L.V. (2010) Stratigraphy and Geology of Volcanic Areas, pp. 1-32. Martì J., Soriano C., Galindo I., Cas R.A.F. (2010) Resolving problems with the origin of Las Canadas caldera (Tenerife, Canary islands): Los Roques de Garcia Formation - Part of a major debris avalanche or an in situ, stratified, edifice-bulding succession? In: Groppelli G., Goette L.V. (2010) Stratigraphy and Geology of Volcanic Areas, pp. 63-84. Milia A. (2010) The stratigraphic signature of volcanism off Campi Flegrei (Bay of Naples, Italy). In: Groppelli G., Goette L.V. (2010) Stratigraphy and Geology of Volcanic Areas, pp. 155-171. Oyedele O.A., Duprè W.R. (2014) Inferred depositional history of Middle-Late Quaternary depositional systems using seismic facies analysis and age dating. Offshore Technology Conference, doi: 10.4043/25168-MS. Palladino D.M., Simei S., Sottili G., Trigila R. (2010) Integrated approach for the reconstruction of stratigraphy and geology of Quaternary volcanic terrains: an application to the Vulsini volcanoes (Central Italy). In: Groppelli G., Goette L.V. (2010) Stratigraphy and Geology of Volcanic Areas, pp. 113-143. Perrotta A., Scarpati C., Luongo G., Morra V. (2010) Stratigraphy and volcanological evolution of the southwestern sector of Campi Flegrei and Procida island, Italy. In: Groppelli G., Goette L.V. (2010) Stratigraphy and Geology of Volcanic Areas, pp. 171-192. Riboulot V., Cattaneo A., Bernè S., Schneider R.R., Voisset M., Imbert P., Grimaud S.(2012) Geometry and chronology of late Quaternary depositional sequences in the Eastern Niger submarine delta. Marine Geology, 319-322, 1-20. Rosi M. and Sbrana A. (1987) Phlegrean Fields. CNR, Quaderni de La Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, Italy. Sheridan M.F., Patra A.K., Dalbey K., Hubbard B. (2010) Probabilistic digital hazard maps for avalanches and massive pyroclastic flows using TITAN2D. In: Groppelli G., Goette L.V. (2010) Stratigraphy and Geology of Volcanic Areas, pp. 281-301. Tibaldi A. (2010) A new geological map of Stromboli volcano (Tyrrhenian sea, Italy) based on application of lithostratigraphic and unconformity-bounded stratigraphic (UBS) units. In: Groppelli G., Goette L.V. (2010) Stratigraphy and Geology of Volcanic Areas, pp. 33-51. Vargas-Franco R.D., Thouret J.C., Delaite G., van Westen C., Sheridan M.F., Siebe C., Marino J., Souriot T., Stinton A. (2010) Mapping and assessing volcanic and flood hazards and risks, with emphasis on lahars, in Arequipa, Peru. In: Groppelli G., Goette L.V. (2010) Stratigraphy and Geology of Volcanic Areas, pp. 265-281. Vezzoli L. (1988) Island of Ischia. CNR, Quaderni de La Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, Italy. Viereck-Goette L., Lepetit P., Gurel A., Ganskow G., Copurolu I., Abratis M. (2010) Revised volcanostratigraphy of the Upper Miocene to Lower Pliocene Urgup Formation, Central Anatolian volcanic province, Turkey. In: Groppelli G., Goette L.V. (2010) Stratigraphy and Geology of Volcanic Areas, pp. 85-112.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
