High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP v1.0) for CMIP6

Robust projections and predictions of climate vari- ability and change, particularly at regional scales, rely on the driving processes being represented with fidelity in model simulations. The role of enhanced horizontal resolution in improved process representation in all components of the cli- mate system is of growing interest, particularly as some re- cent simulations suggest both the possibility of significant changes in large-scale aspects of circulation as well as im- provements in small-scale processes and extremes. However, such high-resolution global simulations at cli- mate timescales, with resolutions of at least 50 km in the at- mosphere and 0.25o in the ocean, have been performed at relatively few research centres and generally without overall coordination, primarily due to their computational cost. As- sessing the robustness of the response of simulated climate to model resolution requires a large multi-model ensemble using a coordinated set of experiments. The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) is the ideal framework within which to conduct such a study, due to the strong link to models being developed for the CMIP DECK experiments and other model intercomparison projects (MIPs). Increases in high-performance computing (HPC) re- sources, as well as the revised experimental design for CMIP6, now enable a detailed investigation of the impact of increased resolution up to synoptic weather scales on the simulated mean climate and its variability. The High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP) presented in this paper applies, for the first time, a multi-model approach to the systematic investigation of the impact of horizontal resolution. A coordinated set of experiments has been designed to assess both a standard and an enhanced horizontal-resolution simulation in the atmo- sphere and ocean. The set of HighResMIP experiments is di- vided into three tiers consisting of atmosphere-only and cou- pled runs and spanning the period 1950-2050, with the pos- sibility of extending to 2100, together with some additional targeted experiments. This paper describes the experimental set-up of HighResMIP, the analysis plan, the connection with the other CMIP6 endorsed MIPs, as well as the DECK and CMIP6 historical simulations. HighResMIP thereby focuses on one of the CMIP6 broad questions, "what are the origins and consequences of systematic model biases?", but we also discuss how it addresses the World Climate Research Pro- gram (WCRP) grand challenges.