Plant cells from different types of explants are capable of regenerating new tissues and entire plants upon induction of a pluripotent cell mass termed callus. However, whereas in vitro regeneration systems have been developed and widely used for the transformation of a few model plants, for several crop species efficient regeneration methods are still lacking. In vegetatively propagated plants, the identification of highly successful protocols represents a critical requirement to ensure maximized benefits from the application of the powerful genome editing techniques available nowadays. It is now understood that beyond the past empirical efforts to enhance the hormone-based treatments commonly used to induce somatic embryogenesis, regeneration methods could be taken to the next level by a better understanding of the molecular events underlying the transition from the apparently unorganized callus to the embryogenic callus that is competent to regenerate a full array of plant tissues. Notably, this learning process may also require revisiting the naive model of cell dedifferentiation that has been long associated to callus formation, in favour of a more refined representation of the transcriptional and epigenetic signature that specifically defines pluripotency or the failure thereof. In this study, we set out to investigate epigenetic facets of callus pluripotency in the grapevine system using high-throughput sequencing technologies to profile gene expression and the DNA methylome during the process of somatic embryogenesis. We performed comparative analyses between two different genotypes/varieties showing distinct regeneration aptitudes, which may be crucial for the identification of genetic and epigenetic determinants regulating the regeneration potential. Moreover, in the frame of the more comprehensive research project "The Epigenomic Plasticity of Grapevine in Genotype per Environment (GxE) Interactions" carried out by our consortium, we propose an interpretation of such genotypic differences as a peculiar example of Genotype per Environment (GxE) interaction where extreme growth conditions experienced in vitro emphasize genotype-dependent responses recapitulating the different phenotypic plasticity of the two varieties in the field.
Exploring the epigenetic signature of plant regeneration in the grapevine system
Perrone I;Boccacci P;Chitarra W;Gribaudo I;Gambino G
2016
Abstract
Plant cells from different types of explants are capable of regenerating new tissues and entire plants upon induction of a pluripotent cell mass termed callus. However, whereas in vitro regeneration systems have been developed and widely used for the transformation of a few model plants, for several crop species efficient regeneration methods are still lacking. In vegetatively propagated plants, the identification of highly successful protocols represents a critical requirement to ensure maximized benefits from the application of the powerful genome editing techniques available nowadays. It is now understood that beyond the past empirical efforts to enhance the hormone-based treatments commonly used to induce somatic embryogenesis, regeneration methods could be taken to the next level by a better understanding of the molecular events underlying the transition from the apparently unorganized callus to the embryogenic callus that is competent to regenerate a full array of plant tissues. Notably, this learning process may also require revisiting the naive model of cell dedifferentiation that has been long associated to callus formation, in favour of a more refined representation of the transcriptional and epigenetic signature that specifically defines pluripotency or the failure thereof. In this study, we set out to investigate epigenetic facets of callus pluripotency in the grapevine system using high-throughput sequencing technologies to profile gene expression and the DNA methylome during the process of somatic embryogenesis. We performed comparative analyses between two different genotypes/varieties showing distinct regeneration aptitudes, which may be crucial for the identification of genetic and epigenetic determinants regulating the regeneration potential. Moreover, in the frame of the more comprehensive research project "The Epigenomic Plasticity of Grapevine in Genotype per Environment (GxE) Interactions" carried out by our consortium, we propose an interpretation of such genotypic differences as a peculiar example of Genotype per Environment (GxE) interaction where extreme growth conditions experienced in vitro emphasize genotype-dependent responses recapitulating the different phenotypic plasticity of the two varieties in the field.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
