Occurrence of deoxynivalenol and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside in durum wheat from Argentina

The occurrence of deoxynivalenol, 3- and 15-deoxynivalenol and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside in 84 durum wheat samples, from the Argentinean main growing area, was investigated during 2012/13 and 2013/14 using LC-MS/MS. Deoxynivalenol was found in all samples at concentrations varying between <LOQ (50 mu g/kg) and 9480 mu g/kg. Deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside was detected in 94% of the samples at concentrations ranging from <LOQ (50 mu g/kg) to 850 mu g/kg. Moreover, the acetylated derivatives were also detected but at lower frequency (49%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside in wheat in Argentina. All the commercial cultivars transformed deoxynivalenol to its glucosylated form at conversion rates between 6 and 22%. The results obtained alert of the potential risk present in durum wheat for Argentinean consumers but also show that some of the commercial cultivars currently on used could be promising candidates for breeding programs intended to obtained Fusarium head blight resistance. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.