Chronological overview of the regulations development regarding the type approval of motor vehicles of all categories and engines with respect to the emissions

In September 2017, the Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP), type-approval testing will be introduced for new vehicle types in Israel. WLTP will provide a more accurate basis for calculating a vehicle's fuel consumption and emissions. The Real driving emission (RDE) will have to be implemented as one of the necessary requirements to measure emission pollutants while driving under real field conditions. This chronological overview takes into account with respect to the emissions for all categories and engines, and follows the evolution of the three main components of the process: 1) The vehicle emission standards; 2) The test procedures; 3) The approval process. It considers Europe and North America regulations, being the two main international systems of vehicle emission standards and test procedures. These two regulations have different origins and targets. In US, it was the increased levels of smog production in cities, and the oil price rises and instability in the 1970s . In EU, the creation and preservation of an internal market for vehicles. Origin and target can explain the diverse paths chosen by the two systems. For example, US regulations require that vehicles comply with emission standards throughout their useful lives when maintained according to the manufacturers specifications. Under EU regulations, such compliance is required only for new vehicles.