C.R.O.P. approach: a new frontier on the integration and modelling of the multi platform data in volcanic environments

order to integrate and homogenize the big amount of data derived by several acquisition platform (i.e., remote sensing, geological geophysical and in situ measurements) we propose an innovative approach so called: Chain Rule Optimization Procedure (C.R.O.P.). In detail the proposed methodology is an optimization tools developed in a numerical environment able to simulate the natural phenomena in a multiphysics context; this approach allows taking in account the complex physical interactions that occurred during the evolution of a natural system. In this context, the development of physically-based model is made possible because each optimization steps of the chain represents the input of the subsequent step (figure 1). Following this approach, the achieved best-fit model represents a calibrate solution that takes into account the impact of the most relevant physical parameters involved in the observed phenomena. More Specifically, to demonstrate the capability and versatility of our proposed methodological approach, we select as case of study the Ischia Island (Southern Italy), a volcanic area characterized by very high values of heat flow, a high temperature geothermal system and relevant active long term- ground deformation processes detected via C-BAND Multiorbit DInSAR data acquisition. Accordingly, we applied the multi-sensor SBAS approach to the whole archive of SAR data (about 300 images) collected over the Ischia Island from ascending and descending orbits during the 1992-2010 time interval by the ERS-1/2 and ENVISAT sensors. In order to achieve a unitary physically based model of the active long-term ground deformation phenomena, we applied the proposed methodology starting from the collection and integration of the available geological and geophysical information acquired in the last decades by the scientific community. For the Ischia volcano case study, the first step is represented by the realization of the 3D geological model of the Ischia volcanic-hydrothermal system. More specifically, we build a 3D geological-structural and petrophysical model of the whole crust beneath the Ischia volcano by integrating geological and geophysical. This geological model represents the numerical domains for the subsequent numerical optimization procedure of the available temperature measurements (i.e., shallow and deep borehole geothermal measurements). At this stage, we also evaluate the amount of the conductive and/or convective thermal regime, in order to explain the complex status of the hydrothermal system of the island of Ischia. The 3D optimized thermal field results allow to reconstruct the 3D imaging of the B/D transition for a defined time window. Finally, a 3D fluid-dynamic model, in viscous flow approximation, is performed to highlight how the viscosity contrasts between the rocks of the ductile and brittle region modulate the long-term subsidence of the Ischia Island. This fluid-dynamic model is optimized by exploiting component of the ground deformation pattern detected via satellite multi-orbit C-Band SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) data acquired in the time interval 1992 - 2010. Finally, we point out that the application of the C.R.O.P proposed methodology at Ischia volcanic island highlights that the driving forces that modulates the spatial and temporal evolution of 1992-2010 long-term subsidence phenomenon, detected via advanced DInSAR Interferometry, are controlled by the coupling effects of crust rheology, which are governed by existence of the thermally anomalous igneous intrusion and by the gravitational loading of the volcano edifice.