Composite materials for spinal implants

Spinal disorders due to trauma, pathology, or normal aging can compromise the quality of life. The structure and function of the spine are unique and very complex. The intervertebral disc (IVD) plays an important role in the biomechanics of the spine since its mechanical function results in absorbing shock and distributing axial loads whilst providing flexibility. For this reason, the IVD degeneration may be considered one of the most common causes of low back pain. Indeed, the progressive degeneration usually provides a loss of water and a consequent loss of disc height. Thus the annulus fibrosus and ligaments result pretensioned, creating a mechanically unstable environment which may lead to a spinal degenerative cascade.