Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is the initiation of embryos from plant somatic tissues and in grapevine it is induced by means of tissue culture. SE represents one of the most suitable tools for the application of in vitro manipulation in the Vitis genus, such as stable genetic transformation and genome editing approaches. Moreover, it is pivotal for functional genomics in this species, since somatic embryogenesis is an inevitable step in genetic engineering studies applied to grapevine. Although effective SE protocols are available for some grapevine cultivars, this process has still some limitations that hamper its wider use in functional genomics trials and genetic improvement application; a deeper knowledge and a better mastery of SE can greatly help. In grapevine somatic embryogenesis is affected by many factors, such as explant type, composition of culture media and genotype. Different Vitis genotypes show a very different regenerative embryogenic competence, making fundamental the understanding of recalcitrance mechanisms behind the regenerative aptitude. Our previous studies showed as Sangiovese and Cabernet Sauvignon are two cultivars characterized by an opposite aptitude for somatic embryogenesis. The behaviour of those grapevine genotypes during in vitro somatic embryogenesis has been investigated by profiling mRNAs, smallRNA and methylated DNA with high-throughput sequencing technologies. Embryogenic tissues were induced from immature stamens excised from field-collected flower clusters of both cultivars and cultured on a callus induction medium. Starting explants and calli with and without embryogenic competence were analysed with the deep sequencing techniques cited above. The study allowed us to analyze the reorganization of gene expression and epigenetic state that can be ascribed to the process of embryogenesis, and to identify potential key regulators of somatic embryogenesis in different grapevine genotypes.
Molecular mechanisms behind the somatic embryogenesis process in grapevine: from key transcripts to epigenetic signature
Boccacci P;Chitarra W;Gribaudo I;Gambino G;Perrone I
2018
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is the initiation of embryos from plant somatic tissues and in grapevine it is induced by means of tissue culture. SE represents one of the most suitable tools for the application of in vitro manipulation in the Vitis genus, such as stable genetic transformation and genome editing approaches. Moreover, it is pivotal for functional genomics in this species, since somatic embryogenesis is an inevitable step in genetic engineering studies applied to grapevine. Although effective SE protocols are available for some grapevine cultivars, this process has still some limitations that hamper its wider use in functional genomics trials and genetic improvement application; a deeper knowledge and a better mastery of SE can greatly help. In grapevine somatic embryogenesis is affected by many factors, such as explant type, composition of culture media and genotype. Different Vitis genotypes show a very different regenerative embryogenic competence, making fundamental the understanding of recalcitrance mechanisms behind the regenerative aptitude. Our previous studies showed as Sangiovese and Cabernet Sauvignon are two cultivars characterized by an opposite aptitude for somatic embryogenesis. The behaviour of those grapevine genotypes during in vitro somatic embryogenesis has been investigated by profiling mRNAs, smallRNA and methylated DNA with high-throughput sequencing technologies. Embryogenic tissues were induced from immature stamens excised from field-collected flower clusters of both cultivars and cultured on a callus induction medium. Starting explants and calli with and without embryogenic competence were analysed with the deep sequencing techniques cited above. The study allowed us to analyze the reorganization of gene expression and epigenetic state that can be ascribed to the process of embryogenesis, and to identify potential key regulators of somatic embryogenesis in different grapevine genotypes.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
