The "tratturi" are natural tracks that were used by shepherds to move the flocks of sheep from a pasture to another every season and began to be built in the Bronze Age when Appennine pastoral activities developed. In the environment of transhumance "tratturi", that connected the regions of Abruzzo and Molise with several zones of Apulia and was divided into "tratturi" (paths), little "tratturi", "bracci" (branchs) e "riposi" (rests), there is the Regio Tratturello Martinese (with the number 73 in the Chart "Tratturi" of 1959), that, with a course of over one hundred kilometers, connected the city of Castellaneta (Taranto), when the Melfi-Castellaneta "tratturo" ended, with grazing lands of the Jonic zone through Avetrana (Taranto) and Nardò (Lecce) in Arneo area, when there were woods and swamps too, which coincides with the Forest of Oria. The track in Taranto province developes in the north of the ancient torrents deep cracks, that engrave the characteristics calcareous planes of this territory (that expands to the south of the Murgia setting), and that were settled by cave civilization in the Middle age. It is especially interesting, in a geomorphological, landscape, naturalistic and settlement pont of view, the tract between Crispiano (Taranto) and Grottaglie (Taranto). Here the "tratturo" is in a plane zone of transition between two different geological formations: in the north this zone is characterized by the presence of a Murgian considerable morphological step that is covered by vast woods formations and mediterranean scrub, when there are many "masserie" (large farms) with chapels and caves that were occupied since pre-historic and proto-historic ages; in the south we can see the starting tracts of the deep ravines that engraves the land around Montemesola (Taranto) and Grottaglie with paleolithic, neolithic, Bronze age and medieval settlements. Passed Grottaglie, the "Tratturello Martinese" arrives in Oria (Brindisi) territory, in a place called Laurito, where there is the "masseria" of the same name of XVI century: the name refers to the presence of woods formations of laurel oaks. The place is particularly attractive as a rest and relief area for flocks of sheep and shepherds because there is water and pasture and also services in the near town of Oria, that was (and it is) bishop seat too, since it was the only town, through the Middle Age, on the "tratturello" track. Right away in the north of Laurito farm there is a hilly back of pleistocene fossil dunes that are along an ancient coast zone in east-west direction. These hills, even if they are not very height, the most height is 166 meters above sea level and here is placed the town, because of they are in a plane zone, have a considerable morphological prominence and give to the landscape a typical perspective for the sequence of different ecological environments, due to the succession of many springs and several canals of rain water. Near the San Cosimo alla Macchia shrine, that has medieval origins, there are the testimonies of a change in the path of "tratturello", probably because of a protest by some inhabitants for the presence of flocks of sheep in cultivated fields. From this place the tratturello ends up in an ancient route of the Bronze Age, that united Oria with Jonic coast, and contnues to the town of Avetrana, where finally ends.
I tratturi sono sentieri a fondo naturale utilizzati dai pastori per trasferire con cadenza stagionale le greggi da un pascolo all'altro e si cominciano a costituire soprattutto nell'età del Bronzo quando si sviluppa l'attività pastorale della cultura appenninica. Nell'ambito della rete tratturale della transumanza, che collegava l'Abruzzo e il Molise con diverse aree della Puglia e si articolava in tratturi, tratturelli, bracci e riposi, è compreso il Regio Tratturello Martinese (indicato con il numero 73 nella Carta dei Tratturi del 1959), che, con un percorso di oltre cento chilometri, collegava Castellaneta (Taranto), ove terminava il tratturo Melfi-Castellaneta, con i pascoli che si estendevano lungo la fascia ionica tra Avetrana (Taranto) e Nardò (Lecce) nell'area dell'Arneo, ove erano anche presenti boschi e paludi, ricadente nella Foresta Oritana. Il suo tracciato nella provincia di Taranto si sviluppa immediatamente a nord dei profondi solchi torrentizi che incidono i ripiani calcarenitici in cui si articola il territorio, che si estende a sud del vistoso gradino murgiano di natura calcarea, e che furono interessati in età medievale da insediamenti della Civiltà Rupestre. Particolarmente interessante dal punto di vista geomorfologico, paesaggistico, naturalistico e insediativo è il tratto compreso tra Crispiano (Taranto) e Grottaglie (Taranto). Qui il tratturo si colloca su un ripiano prevalentemente pianeggiante di transizione tra due formazioni geologiche diverse: a nord il territorio si caratterizza per la presenza di un vistoso gradino murgiano ricoperto da estese formazioni boschive e macchiose, lungo il quale si allineano numerose masserie con edifici di culto e si aprono grotte frequentate in età preistorica e protostorica; a sud sono evidenti i tratti iniziali delle profonde gravine che incidono il territorio tra i comuni di Montemesola (Taranto) e Grottaglie con insediamenti paleolitici, neolitici, dell'età del bronzo e medievali. Superato Grottaglie, il Tratturello Martinese tocca il territorio di Oria (Brindisi) in località Laurito, ove insiste l'omonima masseria del XVI sec, il cui toponimo allude alla presenza di formazioni boschive di alloro. Il luogo si presenta particolarmente attrattivo come area di sosta e di ristoro per le greggi e i pastori data la presenza di diffuse risorse idriche e di pascoli nonché dei servizi della vicina città di Oria, sede anche vescovile, essendo stata questa l'unico centro abitato, almeno per tutto il Medioevo, lungo il percorso del tratturello. Immediatamente a nord della masseria Laurito si sviluppa una dorsale collinare di dune fossili pleistoceniche allineate lungo un'antica linea di costa in direzione est-ovest, le quali, pur non raggiungendo quote elevate, la più alta raggiunge 166 m s.l.m sulla quale è collocata la città, emergendo in un contesto pianeggiante, acquistano un notevole risalto morfologico ed imprimono al paesaggio un aspetto esclusivo per il susseguirsi di ambienti ecologici diversificati, dovuti al susseguirsi di numerose sorgenti e di diversi canali di scorrimento delle acque piovane. Nelle vicinanze del santuario di San Cosimo alla Macchia di origine altomedievale vi sono testimonianze di un cambiamento del tracciato del tratturello, a seguito forse della protesta dei cittadini per lo sconfinamento delle greggi sui terreni coltivati. Da questa località il tratturello si immette su un antico asse viario dell'età del Bronzo che collegava la città di Oria con la costa ionica e prosegue fino alla città di Avetrana, ove ha termine.
Oria (Brindisi) e il tratturo martinese della transumanza: conoscenza del patrimonio culturale e del paesaggio geologico
Maurizio Delli Santi;
2017
Abstract
The "tratturi" are natural tracks that were used by shepherds to move the flocks of sheep from a pasture to another every season and began to be built in the Bronze Age when Appennine pastoral activities developed. In the environment of transhumance "tratturi", that connected the regions of Abruzzo and Molise with several zones of Apulia and was divided into "tratturi" (paths), little "tratturi", "bracci" (branchs) e "riposi" (rests), there is the Regio Tratturello Martinese (with the number 73 in the Chart "Tratturi" of 1959), that, with a course of over one hundred kilometers, connected the city of Castellaneta (Taranto), when the Melfi-Castellaneta "tratturo" ended, with grazing lands of the Jonic zone through Avetrana (Taranto) and Nardò (Lecce) in Arneo area, when there were woods and swamps too, which coincides with the Forest of Oria. The track in Taranto province developes in the north of the ancient torrents deep cracks, that engrave the characteristics calcareous planes of this territory (that expands to the south of the Murgia setting), and that were settled by cave civilization in the Middle age. It is especially interesting, in a geomorphological, landscape, naturalistic and settlement pont of view, the tract between Crispiano (Taranto) and Grottaglie (Taranto). Here the "tratturo" is in a plane zone of transition between two different geological formations: in the north this zone is characterized by the presence of a Murgian considerable morphological step that is covered by vast woods formations and mediterranean scrub, when there are many "masserie" (large farms) with chapels and caves that were occupied since pre-historic and proto-historic ages; in the south we can see the starting tracts of the deep ravines that engraves the land around Montemesola (Taranto) and Grottaglie with paleolithic, neolithic, Bronze age and medieval settlements. Passed Grottaglie, the "Tratturello Martinese" arrives in Oria (Brindisi) territory, in a place called Laurito, where there is the "masseria" of the same name of XVI century: the name refers to the presence of woods formations of laurel oaks. The place is particularly attractive as a rest and relief area for flocks of sheep and shepherds because there is water and pasture and also services in the near town of Oria, that was (and it is) bishop seat too, since it was the only town, through the Middle Age, on the "tratturello" track. Right away in the north of Laurito farm there is a hilly back of pleistocene fossil dunes that are along an ancient coast zone in east-west direction. These hills, even if they are not very height, the most height is 166 meters above sea level and here is placed the town, because of they are in a plane zone, have a considerable morphological prominence and give to the landscape a typical perspective for the sequence of different ecological environments, due to the succession of many springs and several canals of rain water. Near the San Cosimo alla Macchia shrine, that has medieval origins, there are the testimonies of a change in the path of "tratturello", probably because of a protest by some inhabitants for the presence of flocks of sheep in cultivated fields. From this place the tratturello ends up in an ancient route of the Bronze Age, that united Oria with Jonic coast, and contnues to the town of Avetrana, where finally ends.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


