Water loss in Egypt based on the lake nasser evaporation and agricultural evapotranspiration

One of the most significant and broadly effects of climate variability in water budget are changes in evaporation and/or evapotranspiration. This study aims to estimate of water loss based on Lake Nasser evaporation and agricultural evapotranspiration in Egypt using climate and satellite data during the period from 2001 to 2013, and study the effect of climate change on water loss in Egypt using the (ECHAM 6, Rcp. 4.5 scenario) during the period (2015-2025). This estimation integrates remote sensing, Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques, and MODIS images. The results showed that the water loss over Lake Nasser is ranged from about 12.3 to 12.9 billion m3 and from about 16.3 to 17.4 billion m3 by using data from MERRA images and ECMWF (ERA-Interim), respectively. The water loss over agricultural lands is ranged from about 34.4 to 42.4 billion m3 and from about 44.2 to 48.4 billion m3 by using data from Land Surface Temperature (MODIS) and ECMWF (ERA-Interim), respectively. The total annual water loss will be increase in the future with a noticeable values, where it ranged from about 61.5 to 66 billion m3 per year during (2015-2025) while it ranged from about 53 to 57.5 billion m3 per year during (2001-2013), and the highest amount of total water loss during the study period was observed in the year of 2021. Lake Nasser evaporation and agricultural evapotranspiration are an important contributing factor to the lake water budget and accordingly it is very important to be addressed according to the most recent technologies in this respect.