Analysing hydrological and sediment transport regime in two Mediterranean intermittent rivers

Flow and the sediment regime affect water quality and nutrient delivery in all river systems and are fundamentalin sustaining the river ecosystem. This study aims to identify the most relevant factors affecting the flow regimeand the suspended sediment transport in two Mediterranean intermittent rivers: the Búger (Spain) and theCarapelle (Italy). A set of hydrological indicators were used to characterize and classify the flow regime. Highresolutiondata, streamflow and suspended sediment concentration were used to quantify runoff and sedimentyields at different temporal scales (annual, monthly, event). Rainfall, streamflow and sediment variables wereused at the event scale to assess the rainfall-runoff-suspended sediment relationship through the Pearson correlationmatrix. Hysteresis analysis provided information on sediment source dynamics. In the Búger River, thehigh degree of flow intermittence was mainly due to the presence of carbonate lithology and forest land use atheadwaters promoting low values of runoff coefficient (2-10%) and specific suspended sediment yield (SSY;0.5-46 t km-2 y-1). In the Carapelle River, the high values of annual runoff coefficient (14-35%), together withlow flow intermittence and SSY (89-745 t km-2 y-1) were related to clay and flyschoid lithology. Most of theannual sediment yield (SY, t) was transported during floods. In Búger, SSY and maximum suspended sedimentconcentration (SSCmax, g l-1) were checked against runoff, peak discharge and antecedent rainfall. In Carapelle,SSY and SSCmax were checked against the amount and intensity of rainfall. The catchment size and the spatialdistribution of rainfall, land uses and lithology played important roles in the flow regime, suspended sedimenttransport and hysteretic behaviour. Characterization of the flow regime linked to its main physical driversimproved understanding of the hydrological response and sediment transport variability of intermittent rivers.This study provided valuable insights into water resource management, improving the prediction of spatialpatterns and of the intensity of sediment transport in river basins.