Photosynthesis-based hybrid nanostructures: Electrochemical sensors and photovoltaic cells as case studies

The recall of attention regarding the environment safeguard roused the scientific world, which currently addressed the issue by cutting-edge technologies merger. In particular, hybrid devices have been developed joining the natural elements originated from the photosynthetic process and different nanomaterials, with the purpose to monitor the release of toxic compounds as well as support alternative energy sources. In this review, we focus on recent studies attesting the maturity of these combined technologies and demonstrating how the synergistic union of bio and nano-elements enhanced their individual performances in electrochemical sensing and photovoltaic cells. We also provide insights about the criticisms and strengths of the topic, and discuss on current challenges and future directions for the selectivity, sensitivity, and energy conversion improvement of these innovative hybrid materials.