The sanitary status of germplasm , together with the genetic aspects , is essential in any clonal selection program and especially when the aim is the recovery and the valorization of minor, neglected and endangered local varieties. Almost always this rare germplasm, often represented by one or few plants escaped from genetic erosion , is infected by single or mixed viruses and should be sanitized in order to evaluate its real quality and technological potential for the wine industry. On the other hand, for the main local varieties such as Vranac or Kratosjia in Montenegro , the virus elimination from interesting candidate clones , could allow to use ali the wide intra-varietal variability identified during the selection, avoiding to lose plants with different and useful characters . The knowledge of sanitary status is important not only for the identification of mother plants free from virus diseases and agents ruled by the legislation on certified grapevine propagation materia! , but also to choose the right technique to eliminate the virus affecting the selections. For the plants infected only by parenchimatic viruses such as the nepoviruses GFLV and ArMV will be used the thermotherapy, for the phloematic viruses (i.e. the GLRaVs, GVA and GVB) the meristem tip culture, for the mixed infection a combination of both techniques. In the framework of the EU funded project EuropeAid /136071/DH/SER/ME "Technical support to renewal of viticulture zoning of Montenegro", 136 accessions selected by 13 jul Plantaze and belonging to over 20 putative local varieties and severa! unknown selections , were tested by ELISA for the presence of 8 different viruses (GFLV, ArMV, GLRaV 1, GLRaV 2, GLRaV 3, GVA, GVB, GFkV), five of them considered in the official EU protocols for the certification of grapevine propagation materials plus 3 additional viruses. In particular, 36 plants resulted negative and the others infected mostly by GVA (38,2% of samp les), GLRaV 3 (32,4%), GLRaV 1 (31,6%), GFLV (22,1%), GFkV (11,8%) and GVB (3,7%). The results, compared with the situationin otherMediterraneanareas with similar geographic characteristics , showed a relatively good sanitary status reflecting the low presence of natura! vectors and probably also the isolation of native germplasm in some restricted marginai areas. The 36 plants negative in ELISA were re-tested by the most sensible RT-PCR (adding also Grapevine Pinot Gris Virus not yet reported in Montenegro) resulting in 7 samples infected just with GFLV and 29 samples (21,3%) confirmed as negative to ali viruses tested . On behalf of some success story of valorization of neglected varieties for example in Apulia region, those preliminary data , hopefully with the further steps such the sanitation of some interesting selections , the graft indexing and the evaluation of candidate clones in comparison field, could enrich in the future the number of Montenegrin local varieties in the national catalogue and the list of unique and new quality wines on the market.
Sanitary selection for the valorization of local grapevine germplasm: preliminary data from Montenegro
2017
Abstract
The sanitary status of germplasm , together with the genetic aspects , is essential in any clonal selection program and especially when the aim is the recovery and the valorization of minor, neglected and endangered local varieties. Almost always this rare germplasm, often represented by one or few plants escaped from genetic erosion , is infected by single or mixed viruses and should be sanitized in order to evaluate its real quality and technological potential for the wine industry. On the other hand, for the main local varieties such as Vranac or Kratosjia in Montenegro , the virus elimination from interesting candidate clones , could allow to use ali the wide intra-varietal variability identified during the selection, avoiding to lose plants with different and useful characters . The knowledge of sanitary status is important not only for the identification of mother plants free from virus diseases and agents ruled by the legislation on certified grapevine propagation materia! , but also to choose the right technique to eliminate the virus affecting the selections. For the plants infected only by parenchimatic viruses such as the nepoviruses GFLV and ArMV will be used the thermotherapy, for the phloematic viruses (i.e. the GLRaVs, GVA and GVB) the meristem tip culture, for the mixed infection a combination of both techniques. In the framework of the EU funded project EuropeAid /136071/DH/SER/ME "Technical support to renewal of viticulture zoning of Montenegro", 136 accessions selected by 13 jul Plantaze and belonging to over 20 putative local varieties and severa! unknown selections , were tested by ELISA for the presence of 8 different viruses (GFLV, ArMV, GLRaV 1, GLRaV 2, GLRaV 3, GVA, GVB, GFkV), five of them considered in the official EU protocols for the certification of grapevine propagation materials plus 3 additional viruses. In particular, 36 plants resulted negative and the others infected mostly by GVA (38,2% of samp les), GLRaV 3 (32,4%), GLRaV 1 (31,6%), GFLV (22,1%), GFkV (11,8%) and GVB (3,7%). The results, compared with the situationin otherMediterraneanareas with similar geographic characteristics , showed a relatively good sanitary status reflecting the low presence of natura! vectors and probably also the isolation of native germplasm in some restricted marginai areas. The 36 plants negative in ELISA were re-tested by the most sensible RT-PCR (adding also Grapevine Pinot Gris Virus not yet reported in Montenegro) resulting in 7 samples infected just with GFLV and 29 samples (21,3%) confirmed as negative to ali viruses tested . On behalf of some success story of valorization of neglected varieties for example in Apulia region, those preliminary data , hopefully with the further steps such the sanitation of some interesting selections , the graft indexing and the evaluation of candidate clones in comparison field, could enrich in the future the number of Montenegrin local varieties in the national catalogue and the list of unique and new quality wines on the market.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
