The novel thermostable cellulose-degrading enzyme DtCel5H from Dictyoglomus thermophilum: crystallization and X-ray crystallographic analysis

Cellulose-based products constitute the great majority of municipal waste, and applications of cellulases in the conversion of waste biomass to biofuels will be a key technology in future biorefineries. Currently, multi-enzymatic pre-treatment of biomass is a crucial step in making carbohydrates more accessible for subsequent fermentation. Using bioinformatics analysis, endo-beta-(1,4)-glucanase from Dictyoglomus thermophilum (DtCel5H) was identified as a new member of glycosyl hydrolase family 5. The gene encoding DtCel5H was cloned and the recombinant protein was overexpressed for crystallization and biophysical studies. Here, it is shown that this enzyme is active on cellulose substrates and is highly thermostable. Crystals suitable for crystallographic investigations were also obtained in different crystallization conditions. In particular, ordered crystals of DtCel5H were obtained using either ammonium sulfate or polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a precipitant agent. The crystals obtained in the presence of ammonium sulfate belonged to space group P3(2), with unit-cell parameters a = 73.1, b = 73.1, 73.1, c = 127.8 angstrom , and diffracted to 1.5 angstrom resolution, whereas the second crystal form belonged to the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 49.3, b = 67.9, c = 103.7 angstrom, and diffracted to 1.6 angstrom resolution. The crystal structure was solved in both space groups using molecular-replacement methods. Structure-activity and structure-stability studies of DtCel5H will provide insights for the design of high-performance enzymes.