The optimal use of water resources is a strategic objective that justifies research efforts for methods, application techniques and field investigations aimed at concretely influencing even irrigation practices, with particular attention to all the environmental functions produced, directly or indirectly, with the irrigation activities. In recent decades, several water-saving techniques have been proposed, in particular in the drinking water sector, such as network leakage control, demand management, pressure management and improvement of the efficiency of water equipments. In irrigation systems, unlike drinking water systems, demand presents a very complex "structure", as it strictly depends on the seasonal climate, crop rotations, as well as on economic factors such as market trends. Furthermore, in a context of conflicting needs, such as economic development, environmental sustainability, agricultural production and food security, irrigation water demand also depends on the availability of water at the source. Therefore, it is necessary to pursue water saving in agriculture also, but taking into account both the environmental aspects of the water body and those of the territory and of the ecosystems that are fed by these withdrawals through releases and water returns. The purpose of this work is to show how the canal operational technique, combined with a service for irrigation scheduling and crop demand management, influences the withdrawal from the source and water releases to environment and returns to rivers
L'uso ottimale della risorsa è un obiettivo strategico che giustifica la ricerca di metodi, tecniche applicative e indagini di campo volte a influenzare concretamente anche le pratiche irrigue, con particolare attenzione a tutte le funzioni ambientali prodotte, direttamente o indirettamente, con l'attività irrigua. Negli ultimi decenni sono state proposte molte tecniche di risparmio idrico, in particolare nel settore idropotabile, come il controllo delle perdite di rete, la gestione della domanda, la gestione della pressione e il miglioramento dell'efficienza delle apparecchiature idriche. Nei sistemi di irrigazione, a differenza dei sistemi idropotabili, la domanda presenta una "struttura" molto complessa, in quanto dipende strettamente dal clima stagionale, dalle rotazioni delle coltivazioni, nonché da fattori economici come le tendenze del mercato. Inoltre, in un contesto di esigenze contrastanti, come sviluppo economico, sostenibilità ambientale, produzione agricola e sicurezza alimentare, la domanda idrica dipende anche dalla disponibilità di acqua alla fonte. Pertanto, è necessario perseguire il risparmio idrico anche in agricoltura, ma tenendo conto sia degli aspetti ambientali relativi ai corpi idrici e sia di quelli del territorio e degli ecosistemi che sono alimentati da tali prelievi attraverso rilasci e restituzioni. Lo scopo di questo lavoro è di mostrare come la tecnica operativa di un canale irriguo, abbinata a un servizio per le esigenze di previsione alla gestione della domanda, influenza il prelievo dalla fonte e i rilasci all'ambiente e le restituzioni alla rete idrografica.
BILANCIO IDRICO DI UN CANALE IRRIGUO DOTATO DI PARATOIE MOBILI IN CONTROLLO REMOTO GUIDATE DAL SERVIZIO IrriNET DI PROGRAMMAZIONE DELLE IRRIGAZIONI
2019
Abstract
The optimal use of water resources is a strategic objective that justifies research efforts for methods, application techniques and field investigations aimed at concretely influencing even irrigation practices, with particular attention to all the environmental functions produced, directly or indirectly, with the irrigation activities. In recent decades, several water-saving techniques have been proposed, in particular in the drinking water sector, such as network leakage control, demand management, pressure management and improvement of the efficiency of water equipments. In irrigation systems, unlike drinking water systems, demand presents a very complex "structure", as it strictly depends on the seasonal climate, crop rotations, as well as on economic factors such as market trends. Furthermore, in a context of conflicting needs, such as economic development, environmental sustainability, agricultural production and food security, irrigation water demand also depends on the availability of water at the source. Therefore, it is necessary to pursue water saving in agriculture also, but taking into account both the environmental aspects of the water body and those of the territory and of the ecosystems that are fed by these withdrawals through releases and water returns. The purpose of this work is to show how the canal operational technique, combined with a service for irrigation scheduling and crop demand management, influences the withdrawal from the source and water releases to environment and returns to riversI documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


