Human serine racemase (hSR) catalyzes the biosynthesis of D-serine, an obligatory co-agonist of the NMDA receptors. It was previously found that the reversible S-nitrosylation of Cys113 reduces hSR activity. Here, we show by site-directed mutagenesis, fluorescence spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and molecular dynamics that S-nitrosylation stabilizes an open, less-active conformation of the enzyme. The reaction of hSR with either NO or nitroso donors is conformation-dependent and occurs only in the conformation stabilized by the allosteric effector ATP, in which the ?-amino group of Lys114 acts as a base toward the thiol group of Cys113. In the closed conformation stabilized by glycine--an active-site ligand of hSR--the side chain of Lys114 moves away from that of Cys113, while the carboxyl side-chain group of Asp318 moves significantly closer, increasing the thiol pKa and preventing the reaction. We conclude that ATP binding, glycine binding, and S-nitrosylation constitute a three-way regulation mechanism for the tight control of hSR activity. We also show that Cys113 undergoes H2O2-mediated oxidation, with loss of enzyme activity, a reaction also dependent on hSR conformation.
The allosteric interplay between S-nitrosylation and glycine binding controls the activity of human serine racemase
Autiero I.;Bettati S.;Mozzarelli A.;Bruno S.
2021
Abstract
Human serine racemase (hSR) catalyzes the biosynthesis of D-serine, an obligatory co-agonist of the NMDA receptors. It was previously found that the reversible S-nitrosylation of Cys113 reduces hSR activity. Here, we show by site-directed mutagenesis, fluorescence spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and molecular dynamics that S-nitrosylation stabilizes an open, less-active conformation of the enzyme. The reaction of hSR with either NO or nitroso donors is conformation-dependent and occurs only in the conformation stabilized by the allosteric effector ATP, in which the ?-amino group of Lys114 acts as a base toward the thiol group of Cys113. In the closed conformation stabilized by glycine--an active-site ligand of hSR--the side chain of Lys114 moves away from that of Cys113, while the carboxyl side-chain group of Asp318 moves significantly closer, increasing the thiol pKa and preventing the reaction. We conclude that ATP binding, glycine binding, and S-nitrosylation constitute a three-way regulation mechanism for the tight control of hSR activity. We also show that Cys113 undergoes H2O2-mediated oxidation, with loss of enzyme activity, a reaction also dependent on hSR conformation.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: The allosteric interplay between S-nitrosylation and glycine binding controls the activity of human serine racemase
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