Combining olfactory test and motion analysis sensors in Parkinson's disease preclinical diagnosis: a pilot study

Objectives: Preclinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is nowadays a topic of interest as the neuropathological process could begin years before the appearance of motor symptoms. Several symptoms, among them yposmia, could precede motor features in PD. In the preclinical phase of PD, a subclinical reduction in motor skills is highly likely. In this pilot study, we investigate a step-by- step method to achieve preclinical PD diagnosis. Material and methods: We used the IOIT (Italian Olfactory Identification Test) to screen a population of healthy subjects. We identified 20 subjects with idiopathic hyposmia. Hyposmic subjects underwent an evaluation of otor skills, at baseline and after 1 year, using motion analysis sensors previously created by us. Results: One subject showed significant worsening in motor measurements. In this subject, we further conducted a dopaminergic challenge test monitored with the same sensors and, finally, he underwent [123I]-FP/CIT DaTscan) SPECT brain imaging. The results show that he is probably affected by preclinical PD. Conclusions: Our pilot study suggests that the combined use of an olfactory test and motor sensors for motion analysis could be useful for a screening of healthy subjects to identify those at a high risk of developing PD.