We study the interaction between epidemic spreading and a vaccination process. We assume that, similar to the disease spreading, the vaccination process also occurs through direct contact, i.e., it follows the standard susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) dynamics. The two competing processes are asymmetrically coupled as vaccinated nodes can directly become infected at a reduced rate with respect to susceptible ones. We study analytically the model in the framework of mean-field theory finding a rich phase diagram. When vaccination provides little protection toward infection, two continuous transitions separate a disease-free immunized state from vaccinated-free epidemic state, with an intermediate mixed state where susceptible, infected, and vaccinated individuals coexist. As vaccine efficiency increases, a tricritical point leads to a bistable regime, and discontinuous phase transitions emerge. Numerical simulations for homogeneous random networks agree very well with analytical predictions.
Competition between vaccination and disease spreading
Castellano C.
2020
Abstract
We study the interaction between epidemic spreading and a vaccination process. We assume that, similar to the disease spreading, the vaccination process also occurs through direct contact, i.e., it follows the standard susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) dynamics. The two competing processes are asymmetrically coupled as vaccinated nodes can directly become infected at a reduced rate with respect to susceptible ones. We study analytically the model in the framework of mean-field theory finding a rich phase diagram. When vaccination provides little protection toward infection, two continuous transitions separate a disease-free immunized state from vaccinated-free epidemic state, with an intermediate mixed state where susceptible, infected, and vaccinated individuals coexist. As vaccine efficiency increases, a tricritical point leads to a bistable regime, and discontinuous phase transitions emerge. Numerical simulations for homogeneous random networks agree very well with analytical predictions.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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