In the last years the environmental policies of the most industrialized countries are oriented towards actions to reduce global greenhouse gases emissions to mitigate the effects on climate change. Among the main intervention identified, there are actions direct to the energy sector, aimed to the reduction of the use of fossil fuel for the energy production and to the promotion of the use of less polluting fuels and renewable sources. The final goal of these measures will be to achieve total decarbonisation of the energy industry, through the complete end of the use of coal as fuel, because it is considered one of the major sources of greenhouse gases emissions into the atmosphere. In Italy the decarbonisation scenarios of the energy industry have been taken into account in two planning documents addressed to the energy sector: Strategia Energetica Nazionale (SEN) and Piano Nazionale Integrato per l'Energia e il Clima (PNIEC). The documents establish the complete phase out from coal by 2025, replaced by gas-fired power plants and energy produced from renewable sources. This strategic choice has boosted the conversion and transformation of some of the traditional plants operating in Italy, to adapt their equipment to the production standards required in the SEN and PNIEC, taking also advantage from the capacity market, a tool created to satisfy the electricity demand and to guarantee optimal levels of adequacy and safety of the national power grid. To deal with the discontinuity of the renewable sources to generate energy, were developed projects for the construction of storage systems, to supply energy in a short time if necessary. This context is leading to an evolution and transformation of the Italian energy system, going from large plants, planned for a continuous and uninterrupted production of energy for the grid, to more flexible systems, to support peaks in energy demand intervening quickly and ensuring adequacy standards of national electric system. To support these evaluations, data and information on specific projects aimed to transform the Italian thermoelectric sector are presented and illustrated, as well as the results of the capacity market auctions concluded.
In questi ultimi anni le politiche ambientali dei paesi più industrializzati si sono orientate verso interventi volti a ridurre le emissioni globali di gas a effetto serra per mitigare gli effetti sui cambiamenti climatici. Tra le principali azioni individuate risaltano quelle rivolte al settore energetico, finalizzate alla riduzione nell'utilizzo di combustibili fossili per la produzione di energia elettrica, a favore di combustibili meno inquinanti e fonti rinnovabili. In particolare, l'obiettivo a lungo termine è quello di raggiungere la totale decarbonizzazione dell'industria energetica, prevedendo una cessazione completa nell'utilizzo del carbone quale combustibile, poiché considerata una delle maggiori sorgenti di emissioni di gas climalteranti in atmosfera. In Italia gli scenari di decarbonizzazione dell'industria energetica sono stati ripresi e ribaditi in 2 documenti programmatici indirizzati al settore energetico: la Strategia Energetica Nazionale (SEN) e il Piano Nazionale Integrato per l'Energia e il Clima (PNIEC); entrambi i documenti prevedono il phase out completo dal carbone al 2025, sopperendo al gap energetico con centrali alimentate a gas ed incrementando la quota di energia prodotta da fonti rinnovabili. Questa scelta strategica ha dato origine ad una spinta a convertire e trasformare alcune delle centrali tradizionali che da decenni operano nel nostro Paese, per adeguarle agli standard produttivi richiesti nella SEN e nel PNIEC, sfruttando anche le possibilità offerte in tal senso dal capacity market, strumento nato per soddisfare la richiesta di energia elettrica, garantendo livelli ottimali di adeguatezza e sicurezza della rete nazionale; parallelamente per far fronte alla discontinuità nella fornitura energetica che caratterizza l'uso delle fonti rinnovabili, sono stati elaborati ed avviati progetti per la realizzazione di sistemi di accumulo, capaci di fornire energia in brevissimo tempo in caso di necessità. Tale contesto di riferimento, sta portando ad una evoluzione e trasformazione del sistema energetico italiano, passando da impianti di grandi dimensioni, progettati per una produzione continuativa e ininterrotta di energia da immettere in rete, a sistemi più agili e flessibili, capaci di far fronte a picchi di richiesta di energia intervenendo in tempi rapidi e garantendo così il mantenimento degli standard di adeguatezza del sistema elettrico nazionale. A supporto di tali valutazioni sono presentati ed illustrati dati ed informazioni in merito a specifici progetti mirati alla trasformazione del settore termoelettrico italiano, nonché i risultati delle aste del capacity market ad oggi conclusesi.
La trasformazione del settore energetico in Italia
Claudia Cafaro;Paolo Ceci;Antonio Fardelli;Elisa Zazzu
2020
Abstract
In the last years the environmental policies of the most industrialized countries are oriented towards actions to reduce global greenhouse gases emissions to mitigate the effects on climate change. Among the main intervention identified, there are actions direct to the energy sector, aimed to the reduction of the use of fossil fuel for the energy production and to the promotion of the use of less polluting fuels and renewable sources. The final goal of these measures will be to achieve total decarbonisation of the energy industry, through the complete end of the use of coal as fuel, because it is considered one of the major sources of greenhouse gases emissions into the atmosphere. In Italy the decarbonisation scenarios of the energy industry have been taken into account in two planning documents addressed to the energy sector: Strategia Energetica Nazionale (SEN) and Piano Nazionale Integrato per l'Energia e il Clima (PNIEC). The documents establish the complete phase out from coal by 2025, replaced by gas-fired power plants and energy produced from renewable sources. This strategic choice has boosted the conversion and transformation of some of the traditional plants operating in Italy, to adapt their equipment to the production standards required in the SEN and PNIEC, taking also advantage from the capacity market, a tool created to satisfy the electricity demand and to guarantee optimal levels of adequacy and safety of the national power grid. To deal with the discontinuity of the renewable sources to generate energy, were developed projects for the construction of storage systems, to supply energy in a short time if necessary. This context is leading to an evolution and transformation of the Italian energy system, going from large plants, planned for a continuous and uninterrupted production of energy for the grid, to more flexible systems, to support peaks in energy demand intervening quickly and ensuring adequacy standards of national electric system. To support these evaluations, data and information on specific projects aimed to transform the Italian thermoelectric sector are presented and illustrated, as well as the results of the capacity market auctions concluded.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
