Predictions for the Dynamical States of the Didymos System before and after the Planned DART Impact

NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft is planned to impact the natural satellite of (65803)Didymos, Dimorphos, at around 23:14 UTC on 2022 September 26, causing a reduction in its orbital period thatwill be measurable with ground-based observations. This test of kinetic impactor technology will provide the firstestimate of the momentum transfer enhancement factor ? at a realistic scale, wherein the ejecta from the impactprovide an additional deflection to the target. Earth-based observations, the LICIACube spacecraft (to be detachedfrom DART prior to impact), and ESA's follow-up Hera mission, to launch in 2024, will provide additionalcharacterizations of the deflection test. Together, Hera and DART comprise the Asteroid Impact and DeflectionAssessment cooperation between NASA and ESA. Here, the predicted dynamical states of the binary system uponarrival and after impact are presented. The assumed dynamically relaxed state of the system will be excited by theimpact, leading to an increase in eccentricity and a slight tilt of the orbit, together with enhanced libration ofDimorphos, with the amplitude dependent on the currently poorly known target shape. Free rotation around themoon's long axis may also be triggered, and the orbital period will experience variations from seconds to minutesover timescales of days to months. Shape change of either body, due to cratering or mass wasting triggered bycrater formation and ejecta, may affect ?, but can be constrained through additional measurements. Both BYORPand gravity tides may cause measurable orbital changes on the timescale of Hera's rendezvous.