Assessing the effects of alternative fuel treatments to reduce wildfire exposure

Effective landscape-scale fuel management strategies are essential for reducing wildfire risk in Mediterranean fire-prone areas. In this study, the minimum travel time (MTT) fire-spread algorithm as implemented in FlamMap was applied to assess the potential of alternative fuel treatments for lowering wildfire losses in a 5,740-ha study area in eastern Sardinia, Italy. Twenty-seven wildfires at 10-m resolution were simulated considering three wind speeds (15, 18, and 21 km h) to compare fuel treatments: no treatment (NT), irrigated agroforestry areas with shrub clearing (T1), prescribed fire in eucalyptus stands (T2), and irrigated grasslands (T3). The simulations replicated a recent large wildfire that occurred in the study area (Orrì wildfire, 2019) and considered the weather and fuel moisture conditions associated with this event. The average wildfire exposure outputs (burned area, probability of burning, conditional flame length, potential crown fire occurrence, and surfaces withflame lengths above 2.5 m) decreased after fuel treatments, compared to no treatment. T1 was the most effective strategy in mitigating wildfire hazards and provided the most significant performance for several wildfire exposure indicators. Treating only 0.5% of the study area (~ 30 ha) resulted in a decrease in all wildfire exposure metrics to ~ 10% within the study area. In addition, the total surface characterized by high flame length (average > 2.5 m) was the lowest in the T1 treatment. This study can help land and fire managers optimize fuel treatment opportunities and wildfire risk mitigation strategies in Mediterranean areas.