The analysis of the functional diversity of soil nematodes requires detailed knowledge on theoretical aspects of the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationship in natural and managed terrestrial ecosystems. Basic approaches applied are reviewed, focusing on the impact and value of soil nematode diversity in crop production and on the most consistent external drivers affecting their stability. The role of nematode trophic guilds in two intensively cultivated crops are examined in more detail, as representative of agriculture from tropical/subtropical (banana) and temperate (apple) climates. The multiple facets of nematode network analysis, for management of multitrophic interactions and restoration purposes, represent complex tasks that require the integration of different interdisciplinary expertise. Understanding the evolutionary basis of nematode diversity at the field level, and its response to current changes, will help to explain the observed community shifts. Integratingapproaches based on evolutionary biology, population genetics and ecology can quantify the contribution of nematode fauna to fundamental soil functions. These include carbon transformation, nutrient cycling, pest control and disease transmission. In conclusion, different facets of nematode diversity such as trophic groups, life history traits, variability in body size and/or taxa identities in combination with DNA-based techniques are needed in order to disclose nematode-soil-ecosystem functioning relationships. Further experimental studies are required to define locally adapted and sustainable management practices, through ecosystem-based approaches and nature-based solutions.
L'analisi della diversità funzionale dei nematodi del terreno richiede conoscenze dettagliate su aspetti teorici del rapporto biodiversità-funzionamento ecosistemico in ambito naturale e in ecosistemi terrestri. Gli approcci di base vengono rivisti, concentrandosi sull'impatto e sul valore della diversità dei nematodi nella produzione delle colture e sui driver esterni più coerenti che ne influenzano la stabilità. Viene esaminato il ruolo dei gruppi trofici in due colture intensive, come rappresentative dell'agricoltura in climi tropicale/subtropicale (banano) e temperati (melo). Le molteplici sfaccettature dell'analisi dei networks dei nematodi, per la gestione delle interazioni multitrofiche ed il loro recupero, rappresentano compiti complessi che richiedono l'integrazione di differenti competenza interdisciplinari. La comprensione delle basi evolutive della diversità dei nematodi e la loro risposta ai cambiamenti attuali aiuteranno a spiegare i cambiamenti osservati. Integrare approcci basati sulla biologia evolutiva, la genetica delle popolazioni e l'ecologia consente di quantificare il contributo della nematofauna alle funzioni fondamentali del suolo. Queste includono la trasformazione del carbonio, il ciclo dei nutrienti, il controllo dei parassiti e la trasmissione delle malattie delle piante. In conclusione, diversi aspetti della diversità dei nematodi come gruppi trofici, ciclo di vita, variabilità nelle dimensioni o identità dei taxa in combinazione con tecniche basate sul DNA sono necessari per rivelare le relazioni funzionanti fra nematodi-suolo-ecosistema. Sono necessari studi sperimentali localmente adattati per definire le pratiche di gestione sostenibile, attraverso approcci basati su ecosistema e soluzioni naturali.
Functional diversity of soil nematodes in relation to the impact of agriculture--A review
Ciancio A
2021
Abstract
The analysis of the functional diversity of soil nematodes requires detailed knowledge on theoretical aspects of the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationship in natural and managed terrestrial ecosystems. Basic approaches applied are reviewed, focusing on the impact and value of soil nematode diversity in crop production and on the most consistent external drivers affecting their stability. The role of nematode trophic guilds in two intensively cultivated crops are examined in more detail, as representative of agriculture from tropical/subtropical (banana) and temperate (apple) climates. The multiple facets of nematode network analysis, for management of multitrophic interactions and restoration purposes, represent complex tasks that require the integration of different interdisciplinary expertise. Understanding the evolutionary basis of nematode diversity at the field level, and its response to current changes, will help to explain the observed community shifts. Integratingapproaches based on evolutionary biology, population genetics and ecology can quantify the contribution of nematode fauna to fundamental soil functions. These include carbon transformation, nutrient cycling, pest control and disease transmission. In conclusion, different facets of nematode diversity such as trophic groups, life history traits, variability in body size and/or taxa identities in combination with DNA-based techniques are needed in order to disclose nematode-soil-ecosystem functioning relationships. Further experimental studies are required to define locally adapted and sustainable management practices, through ecosystem-based approaches and nature-based solutions.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


