A temporally and spatially detailed historical (1985-2018) analysis of cyanobacteria blooms was performed inthe Curonian Lagoon (Lithuania, Russia), the largest coastal lagoon in the Baltic Sea. Satellite data allowed themapping of cyanobacteria surface accumulations, so-called "scums", and of chlorophyll-a concentration. The34-year time series shows a tendency towards later occurrence (October-November) of the cyanobacteriascum presence, whereas the period of its onset (June-July) remains relatively constant. The periods whenscums are present, "hot moments", have been consistently increasing in duration since 2008. The differencesin the starting, ending and annual duration of cyanobacteria blooms have been significantly altered by hydrometeorological conditions (river discharge, water temperature, and wind conditions) and their year-round patterns. The most important environmental factors that determined the temporal changes of the scum presenceand area were the standing stock of cyanobacteria and the ambient wind conditions. The "hotspots", the areaswhere the blooms most likely occur, were distributed in the south-southwestern and central parts of the lagoon.The least affected areas were the northern part, which is connected to the coastal waters of the Baltic Sea, and theNemunas River delta region. The longstanding, well-established spatial patterns of cyanobacteria blooms werelinked to hydrodynamic features, namely water renewal time and current patterns, and to potential nutrientsources that included muddy sediments and the locations of colonies of piscivorous birds. Our findings confirmedthat the annual and seasonal variations of cyanobacteria blooms and their regulation are a complex issue due tointeractions between multiple factors over spatially and temporally broad scales. Despite great progress in theprevention and control of eutrophication and cyanobacteria blooms, the lagoon is still considered to be in apoor ecological status. This work provides a new and missing understanding on the spatial and temporal extentof cyanobacteria blooms and the factors that govern them. Such an understanding can help in planning management strategies, forecasting the magnitude and severity of blooms under changing nutrient loads and potential climate scenarios.
Hot moments and hotspots of cyanobacteria hyperblooms in the Curonian Lagoon (SE Baltic Sea) revealed via remote sensing-based retrospective analysis
Mariano Bresciani;Francesca De Santi;
2021
Abstract
A temporally and spatially detailed historical (1985-2018) analysis of cyanobacteria blooms was performed inthe Curonian Lagoon (Lithuania, Russia), the largest coastal lagoon in the Baltic Sea. Satellite data allowed themapping of cyanobacteria surface accumulations, so-called "scums", and of chlorophyll-a concentration. The34-year time series shows a tendency towards later occurrence (October-November) of the cyanobacteriascum presence, whereas the period of its onset (June-July) remains relatively constant. The periods whenscums are present, "hot moments", have been consistently increasing in duration since 2008. The differencesin the starting, ending and annual duration of cyanobacteria blooms have been significantly altered by hydrometeorological conditions (river discharge, water temperature, and wind conditions) and their year-round patterns. The most important environmental factors that determined the temporal changes of the scum presenceand area were the standing stock of cyanobacteria and the ambient wind conditions. The "hotspots", the areaswhere the blooms most likely occur, were distributed in the south-southwestern and central parts of the lagoon.The least affected areas were the northern part, which is connected to the coastal waters of the Baltic Sea, and theNemunas River delta region. The longstanding, well-established spatial patterns of cyanobacteria blooms werelinked to hydrodynamic features, namely water renewal time and current patterns, and to potential nutrientsources that included muddy sediments and the locations of colonies of piscivorous birds. Our findings confirmedthat the annual and seasonal variations of cyanobacteria blooms and their regulation are a complex issue due tointeractions between multiple factors over spatially and temporally broad scales. Despite great progress in theprevention and control of eutrophication and cyanobacteria blooms, the lagoon is still considered to be in apoor ecological status. This work provides a new and missing understanding on the spatial and temporal extentof cyanobacteria blooms and the factors that govern them. Such an understanding can help in planning management strategies, forecasting the magnitude and severity of blooms under changing nutrient loads and potential climate scenarios.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
