Assessment of the Midseason Crop Coefficient for the Evaluation of the Water Demand of Young, Grafted Hazelnut Trees in High-Density Orchards

Knowledge of crop water requirements is important in supporting irrigation management. Evapotranspiration (ET) is commonly measured with a variety of instruments and field procedures, but it is also typically computed or modeled using the FAO56 or FAO66 methods. The adoption of this approach requires the assessment of the crop coefficients. Some data are available for own-rooted hazelnut trees, but no data have been reported for young and grafted hazelnut trees. There is a need to update nut-tree crop coefficients, especially considering modern cultivars and production systems, such as those with a high tree density per ha?1. In this paper, the FAO66 crop transpiration coefficient Kc,Tr and the FAO56 dual crop coefficients Kcb were assessed for the mid-growing season of a young grafted hazelnut orchard. The field data were acquired manually and using UAV. The coefficients were determined for three tree densities and for two growing seasons. The crop coefficients, obtained using the FAO66 method, agreed with the literature data referring to low densities, while the FAO56 method could allow us to better define the crop coefficients for high-density hazelnut orchards.